1 /* database.cc - The database interfaces of the notmuch mail library
3 * Copyright © 2009 Carl Worth
5 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
8 * (at your option) any later version.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 * GNU General Public License for more details.
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ .
18 * Author: Carl Worth <cworth@cworth.org>
21 #include "database-private.h"
27 #include <glib.h> /* g_strdup_printf, g_free, GPtrArray, GHashTable */
31 #define ARRAY_SIZE(arr) (sizeof (arr) / sizeof (arr[0]))
38 /* Here's the current schema for our database:
40 * We currently have two different types of documents: mail and timestamps.
44 * A mail document is associated with a particular email message file
45 * on disk. It is indexed with the following prefixed terms:
47 * Single terms of given prefix:
51 * id: Unique ID of mail, (from Message-ID header or generated
52 * as "notmuch-sha1-<sha1_sum_of_entire_file>.
54 * thread: The ID of the thread to which the mail belongs
56 * Multiple terms of given prefix:
58 * ref: All unresolved message IDs from In-Reply-To and
59 * References headers in the message. (Once a referenced
60 * message is added to the database and the thread IDs
61 * are linked the corresponding "ref" term is dropped
62 * from the message document.)
64 * tag: Any tags associated with this message by the user.
66 * A mail document also has two values:
68 * TIMESTAMP: The time_t value corresponding to the message's
71 * MESSAGE_ID: The unique ID of the mail mess (see "id" above)
75 * A timestamp document is used by a client of the notmuch library to
76 * maintain data necessary to allow for efficient polling of mail
77 * directories. The notmuch library does no interpretation of
78 * timestamps, but merely allows the user to store and retrieve
79 * timestamps as name/value pairs.
81 * The timestamp document is indexed with a single prefixed term:
83 * timestamp: The user's key value (likely a directory name)
85 * and has a single value:
87 * TIMETAMPS: The time_t value from the user.
90 /* With these prefix values we follow the conventions published here:
92 * http://xapian.org/docs/omega/termprefixes.html
94 * as much as makes sense. Note that I took some liberty in matching
95 * the reserved prefix values to notmuch concepts, (for example, 'G'
96 * is documented as "newsGroup (or similar entity - e.g. a web forum
97 * name)", for which I think the thread is the closest analogue in
98 * notmuch. This in spite of the fact that we will eventually be
99 * storing mailing-list messages where 'G' for "mailing list name"
100 * might be even a closer analogue. I'm treating the single-character
101 * prefixes preferentially for core notmuch concepts (which will be
102 * nearly universal to all mail messages).
105 prefix_t BOOLEAN_PREFIX_INTERNAL[] = {
108 { "ref", "XREFERENCE" },
109 { "timestamp", "XTIMESTAMP" },
112 prefix_t BOOLEAN_PREFIX_EXTERNAL[] = {
118 _internal_error (const char *format, ...)
122 va_start (va_args, format);
124 vfprintf (stderr, format, va_args);
132 _find_prefix (const char *name)
136 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE (BOOLEAN_PREFIX_INTERNAL); i++)
137 if (strcmp (name, BOOLEAN_PREFIX_INTERNAL[i].name) == 0)
138 return BOOLEAN_PREFIX_INTERNAL[i].prefix;
140 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE (BOOLEAN_PREFIX_EXTERNAL); i++)
141 if (strcmp (name, BOOLEAN_PREFIX_EXTERNAL[i].name) == 0)
142 return BOOLEAN_PREFIX_EXTERNAL[i].prefix;
144 INTERNAL_ERROR ("No prefix exists for '%s'\n", name);
150 notmuch_status_to_string (notmuch_status_t status)
153 case NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS:
154 return "No error occurred";
155 case NOTMUCH_STATUS_OUT_OF_MEMORY:
156 return "Out of memory";
157 case NOTMUCH_STATUS_XAPIAN_EXCEPTION:
158 return "A Xapian exception occurred";
159 case NOTMUCH_STATUS_FILE_ERROR:
160 return "Something went wrong trying to read or write a file";
161 case NOTMUCH_STATUS_FILE_NOT_EMAIL:
162 return "File is not an email";
163 case NOTMUCH_STATUS_DUPLICATE_MESSAGE_ID:
164 return "Message ID is identical to a message in database";
165 case NOTMUCH_STATUS_NULL_POINTER:
166 return "Erroneous NULL pointer";
167 case NOTMUCH_STATUS_TAG_TOO_LONG:
168 return "Tag value is too long (exceeds NOTMUCH_TAG_MAX)";
170 case NOTMUCH_STATUS_LAST_STATUS:
171 return "Unknown error status value";
176 find_doc_ids (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
177 const char *prefix_name,
179 Xapian::PostingIterator *begin,
180 Xapian::PostingIterator *end)
182 Xapian::PostingIterator i;
185 term = g_strdup_printf ("%s%s", _find_prefix (prefix_name), value);
187 *begin = notmuch->xapian_db->postlist_begin (term);
189 *end = notmuch->xapian_db->postlist_end (term);
194 static notmuch_private_status_t
195 find_unique_doc_id (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
196 const char *prefix_name,
198 unsigned int *doc_id)
200 Xapian::PostingIterator i, end;
202 find_doc_ids (notmuch, prefix_name, value, &i, &end);
206 return NOTMUCH_PRIVATE_STATUS_NO_DOCUMENT_FOUND;
209 return NOTMUCH_PRIVATE_STATUS_SUCCESS;
213 static Xapian::Document
214 find_document_for_doc_id (notmuch_database_t *notmuch, unsigned doc_id)
216 return notmuch->xapian_db->get_document (doc_id);
219 static notmuch_private_status_t
220 find_unique_document (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
221 const char *prefix_name,
223 Xapian::Document *document,
224 unsigned int *doc_id)
226 notmuch_private_status_t status;
228 status = find_unique_doc_id (notmuch, prefix_name, value, doc_id);
231 *document = Xapian::Document ();
235 *document = find_document_for_doc_id (notmuch, *doc_id);
236 return NOTMUCH_PRIVATE_STATUS_SUCCESS;
240 notmuch_database_find_message (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
241 const char *message_id)
243 notmuch_private_status_t status;
246 status = find_unique_doc_id (notmuch, "id", message_id, &doc_id);
248 if (status == NOTMUCH_PRIVATE_STATUS_NO_DOCUMENT_FOUND)
251 return _notmuch_message_create (notmuch, notmuch, doc_id, NULL);
254 /* Advance 'str' past any whitespace or RFC 822 comments. A comment is
255 * a (potentially nested) parenthesized sequence with '\' used to
256 * escape any character (including parentheses).
258 * If the sequence to be skipped continues to the end of the string,
259 * then 'str' will be left pointing at the final terminating '\0'
263 skip_space_and_comments (const char **str)
268 while (*s && (isspace (*s) || *s == '(')) {
269 while (*s && isspace (*s))
274 while (*s && nesting) {
290 /* Parse an RFC 822 message-id, discarding whitespace, any RFC 822
291 * comments, and the '<' and '>' delimeters.
293 * If not NULL, then *next will be made to point to the first character
294 * not parsed, (possibly pointing to the final '\0' terminator.
296 * Returns a newly allocated string which the caller should free()
299 * Returns NULL if there is any error parsing the message-id. */
301 parse_message_id (const char *message_id, const char **next)
306 if (message_id == NULL)
311 skip_space_and_comments (&s);
313 /* Skip any unstructured text as well. */
314 while (*s && *s != '<')
325 skip_space_and_comments (&s);
328 while (*end && *end != '>')
337 if (end > s && *end == '>')
342 result = strndup (s, end - s + 1);
344 /* Finally, collapse any whitespace that is within the message-id
350 for (r = result, len = strlen (r); *r; r++, len--)
351 if (*r == ' ' || *r == '\t')
352 memmove (r, r+1, len);
358 /* Parse a References header value, putting a copy of each referenced
359 * message-id into 'hash'. */
361 parse_references (GHashTable *hash,
370 ref = parse_message_id (refs, &refs);
373 g_hash_table_insert (hash, ref, NULL);
378 notmuch_database_default_path (void)
380 if (getenv ("NOTMUCH_BASE"))
381 return strdup (getenv ("NOTMUCH_BASE"));
383 return g_strdup_printf ("%s/mail", getenv ("HOME"));
387 notmuch_database_create (const char *path)
389 notmuch_database_t *notmuch = NULL;
390 char *notmuch_path = NULL;
393 char *local_path = NULL;
396 path = local_path = notmuch_database_default_path ();
398 err = stat (path, &st);
400 fprintf (stderr, "Error: Cannot create database at %s: %s.\n",
401 path, strerror (errno));
405 if (! S_ISDIR (st.st_mode)) {
406 fprintf (stderr, "Error: Cannot create database at %s: Not a directory.\n",
411 notmuch_path = g_strdup_printf ("%s/%s", path, ".notmuch");
413 err = mkdir (notmuch_path, 0755);
416 fprintf (stderr, "Error: Cannot create directory %s: %s.\n",
417 notmuch_path, strerror (errno));
421 notmuch = notmuch_database_open (path);
433 notmuch_database_open (const char *path)
435 notmuch_database_t *notmuch = NULL;
436 char *notmuch_path = NULL, *xapian_path = NULL;
439 char *local_path = NULL;
443 path = local_path = notmuch_database_default_path ();
445 notmuch_path = g_strdup_printf ("%s/%s", path, ".notmuch");
447 err = stat (notmuch_path, &st);
449 fprintf (stderr, "Error opening database at %s: %s\n",
450 notmuch_path, strerror (errno));
454 xapian_path = g_strdup_printf ("%s/%s", notmuch_path, "xapian");
456 notmuch = talloc (NULL, notmuch_database_t);
457 notmuch->path = talloc_strdup (notmuch, path);
460 notmuch->xapian_db = new Xapian::WritableDatabase (xapian_path,
461 Xapian::DB_CREATE_OR_OPEN);
462 notmuch->query_parser = new Xapian::QueryParser;
463 notmuch->query_parser->set_default_op (Xapian::Query::OP_AND);
464 notmuch->query_parser->set_database (*notmuch->xapian_db);
466 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE (BOOLEAN_PREFIX_EXTERNAL); i++) {
467 prefix_t *prefix = &BOOLEAN_PREFIX_EXTERNAL[i];
468 notmuch->query_parser->add_boolean_prefix (prefix->name,
471 } catch (const Xapian::Error &error) {
472 fprintf (stderr, "A Xapian exception occurred: %s\n",
473 error.get_msg().c_str());
488 notmuch_database_close (notmuch_database_t *notmuch)
490 delete notmuch->query_parser;
491 delete notmuch->xapian_db;
492 talloc_free (notmuch);
496 notmuch_database_get_path (notmuch_database_t *notmuch)
498 return notmuch->path;
501 static notmuch_private_status_t
502 find_timestamp_document (notmuch_database_t *notmuch, const char *db_key,
503 Xapian::Document *doc, unsigned int *doc_id)
505 return find_unique_document (notmuch, "timestamp", db_key, doc, doc_id);
508 /* We allow the user to use arbitrarily long keys for timestamps,
509 * (they're for filesystem paths after all, which have no limit we
510 * know about). But we have a term-length limit. So if we exceed that,
511 * we'll use the SHA-1 of the user's key as the actual key for
512 * constructing a database term.
514 * Caution: This function returns a newly allocated string which the
515 * caller should free() when finished.
518 timestamp_db_key (const char *key)
520 int term_len = strlen (_find_prefix ("timestamp")) + strlen (key);
522 if (term_len > NOTMUCH_TERM_MAX)
523 return notmuch_sha1_of_string (key);
529 notmuch_database_set_timestamp (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
530 const char *key, time_t timestamp)
532 Xapian::Document doc;
534 notmuch_private_status_t status;
535 notmuch_status_t ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
538 db_key = timestamp_db_key (key);
541 status = find_timestamp_document (notmuch, db_key, &doc, &doc_id);
543 doc.add_value (NOTMUCH_VALUE_TIMESTAMP,
544 Xapian::sortable_serialise (timestamp));
546 if (status == NOTMUCH_PRIVATE_STATUS_NO_DOCUMENT_FOUND) {
547 char *term = talloc_asprintf (NULL, "%s%s",
548 _find_prefix ("timestamp"), db_key);
552 notmuch->xapian_db->add_document (doc);
554 notmuch->xapian_db->replace_document (doc_id, doc);
557 } catch (Xapian::Error &error) {
558 fprintf (stderr, "A Xapian exception occurred: %s.\n",
559 error.get_msg().c_str());
560 ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_XAPIAN_EXCEPTION;
570 notmuch_database_get_timestamp (notmuch_database_t *notmuch, const char *key)
572 Xapian::Document doc;
574 notmuch_private_status_t status;
578 db_key = timestamp_db_key (key);
581 status = find_timestamp_document (notmuch, db_key, &doc, &doc_id);
583 if (status == NOTMUCH_PRIVATE_STATUS_NO_DOCUMENT_FOUND)
586 ret = Xapian::sortable_unserialise (doc.get_value (NOTMUCH_VALUE_TIMESTAMP));
587 } catch (Xapian::Error &error) {
598 /* Find the thread ID to which the message with 'message_id' belongs.
600 * Returns NULL if no message with message ID 'message_id' is in the
603 * Otherwise, returns a newly talloced string belonging to 'ctx'.
606 _resolve_message_id_to_thread_id (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
608 const char *message_id)
610 notmuch_message_t *message;
611 const char *ret = NULL;
613 message = notmuch_database_find_message (notmuch, message_id);
617 ret = talloc_steal (ctx, notmuch_message_get_thread_id (message));
621 notmuch_message_destroy (message);
626 static notmuch_status_t
627 _merge_threads (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
628 const char *winner_thread_id,
629 const char *loser_thread_id)
631 Xapian::PostingIterator loser, loser_end;
632 notmuch_message_t *message = NULL;
633 notmuch_private_status_t private_status;
634 notmuch_status_t ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
636 find_doc_ids (notmuch, "thread", loser_thread_id, &loser, &loser_end);
638 for ( ; loser != loser_end; loser++) {
639 message = _notmuch_message_create (notmuch, notmuch,
640 *loser, &private_status);
641 if (message == NULL) {
642 ret = COERCE_STATUS (private_status,
643 "Cannot find document for doc_id from query");
647 _notmuch_message_remove_term (message, "thread", loser_thread_id);
648 _notmuch_message_add_term (message, "thread", winner_thread_id);
649 _notmuch_message_sync (message);
651 notmuch_message_destroy (message);
657 notmuch_message_destroy (message);
662 static notmuch_status_t
663 _notmuch_database_link_message_to_parents (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
664 notmuch_message_t *message,
665 notmuch_message_file_t *message_file,
666 const char **thread_id)
668 GHashTable *parents = NULL;
669 const char *refs, *in_reply_to;
670 GList *l, *keys = NULL;
671 notmuch_status_t ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
673 parents = g_hash_table_new_full (g_str_hash, g_str_equal,
676 refs = notmuch_message_file_get_header (message_file, "references");
677 parse_references (parents, refs);
679 in_reply_to = notmuch_message_file_get_header (message_file, "in-reply-to");
680 parse_references (parents, in_reply_to);
682 keys = g_hash_table_get_keys (parents);
683 for (l = keys; l; l = l->next) {
684 char *parent_message_id;
685 const char *parent_thread_id;
687 parent_message_id = (char *) l->data;
688 parent_thread_id = _resolve_message_id_to_thread_id (notmuch,
692 if (parent_thread_id == NULL) {
693 _notmuch_message_add_term (message, "ref", parent_message_id);
695 if (*thread_id == NULL) {
696 *thread_id = talloc_strdup (message, parent_thread_id);
697 _notmuch_message_add_term (message, "thread", *thread_id);
698 } else if (strcmp (*thread_id, parent_thread_id)) {
699 ret = _merge_threads (notmuch, *thread_id, parent_thread_id);
710 g_hash_table_unref (parents);
715 static notmuch_status_t
716 _notmuch_database_link_message_to_children (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
717 notmuch_message_t *message,
718 const char **thread_id)
720 const char *message_id = notmuch_message_get_message_id (message);
721 Xapian::PostingIterator child, children_end;
722 notmuch_message_t *child_message = NULL;
723 const char *child_thread_id;
724 notmuch_status_t ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
725 notmuch_private_status_t private_status;
727 find_doc_ids (notmuch, "ref", message_id, &child, &children_end);
729 for ( ; child != children_end; child++) {
731 child_message = _notmuch_message_create (message, notmuch,
732 *child, &private_status);
733 if (child_message == NULL) {
734 ret = COERCE_STATUS (private_status,
735 "Cannot find document for doc_id from query");
739 child_thread_id = notmuch_message_get_thread_id (child_message);
740 if (*thread_id == NULL) {
741 *thread_id = talloc_strdup (message, child_thread_id);
742 _notmuch_message_add_term (message, "thread", *thread_id);
743 } else if (strcmp (*thread_id, child_thread_id)) {
744 _notmuch_message_remove_term (child_message, "ref",
746 _notmuch_message_sync (child_message);
747 ret = _merge_threads (notmuch, *thread_id, child_thread_id);
752 notmuch_message_destroy (child_message);
753 child_message = NULL;
758 notmuch_message_destroy (child_message);
763 /* Given a (mostly empty) 'message' and its corresponding
764 * 'message_file' link it to existing threads in the database.
766 * We first looke at 'message_file' and its link-relevant headers
767 * (References and In-Reply-To) for message IDs. We also look in the
768 * database for existing message that reference 'message'.p
770 * The end result is to call _notmuch_message_add_thread_id with one
771 * or more thread IDs to which this message belongs, (including
772 * generating a new thread ID if necessary if the message doesn't
773 * connect to any existing threads).
775 static notmuch_status_t
776 _notmuch_database_link_message (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
777 notmuch_message_t *message,
778 notmuch_message_file_t *message_file)
780 notmuch_status_t status;
781 const char *thread_id = NULL;
783 status = _notmuch_database_link_message_to_parents (notmuch, message,
789 status = _notmuch_database_link_message_to_children (notmuch, message,
794 if (thread_id == NULL)
795 _notmuch_message_ensure_thread_id (message);
797 return NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
801 notmuch_database_add_message (notmuch_database_t *notmuch,
802 const char *filename)
804 notmuch_message_file_t *message_file;
805 notmuch_message_t *message;
806 notmuch_status_t ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_SUCCESS;
808 const char *date, *header;
809 const char *from, *to, *subject, *old_filename;
812 message_file = notmuch_message_file_open (filename);
813 if (message_file == NULL) {
814 ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_FILE_ERROR;
818 notmuch_message_file_restrict_headers (message_file,
829 /* The first order of business is to find/create a message ID. */
831 header = notmuch_message_file_get_header (message_file, "message-id");
833 message_id = parse_message_id (header, NULL);
834 /* So the header value isn't RFC-compliant, but it's
835 * better than no message-id at all. */
836 if (message_id == NULL)
837 message_id = xstrdup (header);
839 /* No message-id at all, let's generate one by taking a
840 * hash over the file's contents. */
841 char *sha1 = notmuch_sha1_of_file (filename);
843 /* If that failed too, something is really wrong. Give up. */
845 ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_FILE_ERROR;
849 message_id = g_strdup_printf ("notmuch-sha1-%s", sha1);
853 /* Now that we have a message ID, we get a message object,
854 * (which may or may not reference an existing document in the
857 /* Use NULL for owner since we want to free this locally. */
858 message = _notmuch_message_create_for_message_id (NULL,
867 /* Has a message previously been added with the same ID? */
868 old_filename = notmuch_message_get_filename (message);
869 if (old_filename && strlen (old_filename)) {
870 ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_DUPLICATE_MESSAGE_ID;
873 _notmuch_message_set_filename (message, filename);
874 _notmuch_message_add_term (message, "type", "mail");
877 ret = _notmuch_database_link_message (notmuch, message, message_file);
881 date = notmuch_message_file_get_header (message_file, "date");
882 _notmuch_message_set_date (message, date);
884 from = notmuch_message_file_get_header (message_file, "from");
885 subject = notmuch_message_file_get_header (message_file, "subject");
886 to = notmuch_message_file_get_header (message_file, "to");
892 ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_FILE_NOT_EMAIL;
895 _notmuch_message_sync (message);
897 } catch (const Xapian::Error &error) {
898 fprintf (stderr, "A Xapian exception occurred: %s.\n",
899 error.get_msg().c_str());
900 ret = NOTMUCH_STATUS_XAPIAN_EXCEPTION;
906 notmuch_message_destroy (message);
908 notmuch_message_file_close (message_file);