]> git.cworth.org Git - apitrace/blobdiff - wrappers/trace.py
Merge remote-tracking branch 'github/master' into d2d
[apitrace] / wrappers / trace.py
diff --git a/wrappers/trace.py b/wrappers/trace.py
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..4e52cf6
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,728 @@
+##########################################################################
+#
+# Copyright 2008-2010 VMware, Inc.
+# All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+# THE SOFTWARE.
+#
+##########################################################################/
+
+"""Common trace code generation."""
+
+
+# Adjust path
+import os.path
+import sys
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..'))
+
+
+import specs.stdapi as stdapi
+
+
+def getWrapperInterfaceName(interface):
+    return "Wrap" + interface.expr
+
+
+class ComplexValueSerializer(stdapi.OnceVisitor):
+    '''Type visitors which generates serialization functions for
+    complex types.
+    
+    Simple types are serialized inline.
+    '''
+
+    def __init__(self, serializer):
+        stdapi.OnceVisitor.__init__(self)
+        self.serializer = serializer
+
+    def visitVoid(self, literal):
+        pass
+
+    def visitLiteral(self, literal):
+        pass
+
+    def visitString(self, string):
+        pass
+
+    def visitConst(self, const):
+        self.visit(const.type)
+
+    def visitStruct(self, struct):
+        for type, name in struct.members:
+            self.visit(type)
+        print 'static void _write__%s(const %s &value) {' % (struct.tag, struct.expr)
+        print '    static const char * members[%u] = {' % (len(struct.members),)
+        for type, name,  in struct.members:
+            print '        "%s",' % (name,)
+        print '    };'
+        print '    static const trace::StructSig sig = {'
+        print '       %u, "%s", %u, members' % (struct.id, struct.name, len(struct.members))
+        print '    };'
+        print '    trace::localWriter.beginStruct(&sig);'
+        for type, name in struct.members:
+            self.serializer.visit(type, 'value.%s' % (name,))
+        print '    trace::localWriter.endStruct();'
+        print '}'
+        print
+
+    def visitArray(self, array):
+        self.visit(array.type)
+
+    def visitBlob(self, array):
+        pass
+
+    def visitEnum(self, enum):
+        print 'static const trace::EnumValue _enum%s_values[] = {' % (enum.tag)
+        for value in enum.values:
+            print '   {"%s", %s},' % (value, value)
+        print '};'
+        print
+        print 'static const trace::EnumSig _enum%s_sig = {' % (enum.tag)
+        print '   %u, %u, _enum%s_values' % (enum.id, len(enum.values), enum.tag)
+        print '};'
+        print
+
+    def visitBitmask(self, bitmask):
+        print 'static const trace::BitmaskFlag _bitmask%s_flags[] = {' % (bitmask.tag)
+        for value in bitmask.values:
+            print '   {"%s", %s},' % (value, value)
+        print '};'
+        print
+        print 'static const trace::BitmaskSig _bitmask%s_sig = {' % (bitmask.tag)
+        print '   %u, %u, _bitmask%s_flags' % (bitmask.id, len(bitmask.values), bitmask.tag)
+        print '};'
+        print
+
+    def visitPointer(self, pointer):
+        self.visit(pointer.type)
+
+    def visitIntPointer(self, pointer):
+        pass
+
+    def visitObjPointer(self, pointer):
+        self.visit(pointer.type)
+
+    def visitLinearPointer(self, pointer):
+        self.visit(pointer.type)
+
+    def visitHandle(self, handle):
+        self.visit(handle.type)
+
+    def visitReference(self, reference):
+        self.visit(reference.type)
+
+    def visitAlias(self, alias):
+        self.visit(alias.type)
+
+    def visitOpaque(self, opaque):
+        pass
+
+    def visitInterface(self, interface):
+        pass
+
+    def visitPolymorphic(self, polymorphic):
+        if not polymorphic.contextLess:
+            return
+        print 'static void _write__%s(int selector, const %s & value) {' % (polymorphic.tag, polymorphic.expr)
+        print '    switch (selector) {'
+        for cases, type in polymorphic.iterSwitch():
+            for case in cases:
+                print '    %s:' % case
+            self.serializer.visit(type, 'static_cast<%s>(value)' % (type,))
+            print '        break;'
+        print '    }'
+        print '}'
+        print
+
+
+class ValueSerializer(stdapi.Visitor):
+    '''Visitor which generates code to serialize any type.
+    
+    Simple types are serialized inline here, whereas the serialization of
+    complex types is dispatched to the serialization functions generated by
+    ComplexValueSerializer visitor above.
+    '''
+
+    def visitLiteral(self, literal, instance):
+        print '    trace::localWriter.write%s(%s);' % (literal.kind, instance)
+
+    def visitString(self, string, instance):
+        if not string.wide:
+            cast = 'const char *'
+            suffix = 'String'
+        else:
+            cast = 'const wchar_t *'
+            suffix = 'WString'
+        if cast != string.expr:
+            # reinterpret_cast is necessary for GLubyte * <=> char *
+            instance = 'reinterpret_cast<%s>(%s)' % (cast, instance)
+        if string.length is not None:
+            length = ', %s' % string.length
+        else:
+            length = ''
+        print '    trace::localWriter.write%s(%s%s);' % (suffix, instance, length)
+
+    def visitConst(self, const, instance):
+        self.visit(const.type, instance)
+
+    def visitStruct(self, struct, instance):
+        print '    _write__%s(%s);' % (struct.tag, instance)
+
+    def visitArray(self, array, instance):
+        length = '_c' + array.type.tag
+        index = '_i' + array.type.tag
+        print '    if (%s) {' % instance
+        print '        size_t %s = %s > 0 ? %s : 0;' % (length, array.length, array.length)
+        print '        trace::localWriter.beginArray(%s);' % length
+        print '        for (size_t %s = 0; %s < %s; ++%s) {' % (index, index, length, index)
+        print '            trace::localWriter.beginElement();'
+        self.visit(array.type, '(%s)[%s]' % (instance, index))
+        print '            trace::localWriter.endElement();'
+        print '        }'
+        print '        trace::localWriter.endArray();'
+        print '    } else {'
+        print '        trace::localWriter.writeNull();'
+        print '    }'
+
+    def visitBlob(self, blob, instance):
+        print '    trace::localWriter.writeBlob(%s, %s);' % (instance, blob.size)
+
+    def visitEnum(self, enum, instance):
+        print '    trace::localWriter.writeEnum(&_enum%s_sig, %s);' % (enum.tag, instance)
+
+    def visitBitmask(self, bitmask, instance):
+        print '    trace::localWriter.writeBitmask(&_bitmask%s_sig, %s);' % (bitmask.tag, instance)
+
+    def visitPointer(self, pointer, instance):
+        print '    if (%s) {' % instance
+        print '        trace::localWriter.beginArray(1);'
+        print '        trace::localWriter.beginElement();'
+        self.visit(pointer.type, "*" + instance)
+        print '        trace::localWriter.endElement();'
+        print '        trace::localWriter.endArray();'
+        print '    } else {'
+        print '        trace::localWriter.writeNull();'
+        print '    }'
+
+    def visitIntPointer(self, pointer, instance):
+        print '    trace::localWriter.writePointer((uintptr_t)%s);' % instance
+
+    def visitObjPointer(self, pointer, instance):
+        print '    trace::localWriter.writePointer((uintptr_t)%s);' % instance
+
+    def visitLinearPointer(self, pointer, instance):
+        print '    trace::localWriter.writePointer((uintptr_t)%s);' % instance
+
+    def visitReference(self, reference, instance):
+        self.visit(reference.type, instance)
+
+    def visitHandle(self, handle, instance):
+        self.visit(handle.type, instance)
+
+    def visitAlias(self, alias, instance):
+        self.visit(alias.type, instance)
+
+    def visitOpaque(self, opaque, instance):
+        print '    trace::localWriter.writePointer((uintptr_t)%s);' % instance
+
+    def visitInterface(self, interface, instance):
+        assert False
+
+    def visitPolymorphic(self, polymorphic, instance):
+        if polymorphic.contextLess:
+            print '    _write__%s(%s, %s);' % (polymorphic.tag, polymorphic.switchExpr, instance)
+        else:
+            print '    switch (%s) {' % polymorphic.switchExpr
+            for cases, type in polymorphic.iterSwitch():
+                for case in cases:
+                    print '    %s:' % case
+                self.visit(type, 'static_cast<%s>(%s)' % (type, instance))
+                print '        break;'
+            print '    }'
+
+
+class WrapDecider(stdapi.Traverser):
+    '''Type visitor which will decide wheter this type will need wrapping or not.
+    
+    For complex types (arrays, structures), we need to know this before hand.
+    '''
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.needsWrapping = False
+
+    def visitLinearPointer(self, void):
+        pass
+
+    def visitInterface(self, interface):
+        self.needsWrapping = True
+
+
+class ValueWrapper(stdapi.Traverser):
+    '''Type visitor which will generate the code to wrap an instance.
+    
+    Wrapping is necessary mostly for interfaces, however interface pointers can
+    appear anywhere inside complex types.
+    '''
+
+    def visitStruct(self, struct, instance):
+        for type, name in struct.members:
+            self.visit(type, "(%s).%s" % (instance, name))
+
+    def visitArray(self, array, instance):
+        print "    if (%s) {" % instance
+        print "        for (size_t _i = 0, _s = %s; _i < _s; ++_i) {" % array.length
+        self.visit(array.type, instance + "[_i]")
+        print "        }"
+        print "    }"
+
+    def visitPointer(self, pointer, instance):
+        print "    if (%s) {" % instance
+        self.visit(pointer.type, "*" + instance)
+        print "    }"
+    
+    def visitObjPointer(self, pointer, instance):
+        elem_type = pointer.type.mutable()
+        if isinstance(elem_type, stdapi.Interface):
+            self.visitInterfacePointer(elem_type, instance)
+        elif isinstance(elem_type, stdapi.Alias) and isinstance(elem_type.type, stdapi.Interface):
+            self.visitInterfacePointer(elem_type.type, instance)
+        else:
+            self.visitPointer(pointer, instance)
+    
+    def visitInterface(self, interface, instance):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def visitInterfacePointer(self, interface, instance):
+        print "    if (%s) {" % instance
+        print "        %s = new %s(%s);" % (instance, getWrapperInterfaceName(interface), instance)
+        print "    }"
+    
+    def visitPolymorphic(self, type, instance):
+        # XXX: There might be polymorphic values that need wrapping in the future
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class ValueUnwrapper(ValueWrapper):
+    '''Reverse of ValueWrapper.'''
+
+    allocated = False
+
+    def visitStruct(self, struct, instance):
+        if not self.allocated:
+            # Argument is constant. We need to create a non const
+            print '    {'
+            print "        %s * _t = static_cast<%s *>(alloca(sizeof *_t));" % (struct, struct)
+            print '        *_t = %s;' % (instance,)
+            assert instance.startswith('*')
+            print '        %s = _t;' % (instance[1:],)
+            instance = '*_t'
+            self.allocated = True
+            try:
+                return ValueWrapper.visitStruct(self, struct, instance)
+            finally:
+                print '    }'
+        else:
+            return ValueWrapper.visitStruct(self, struct, instance)
+
+    def visitArray(self, array, instance):
+        if self.allocated or isinstance(instance, stdapi.Interface):
+            return ValueWrapper.visitArray(self, array, instance)
+        elem_type = array.type.mutable()
+        print "    if (%s && %s) {" % (instance, array.length)
+        print "        %s * _t = static_cast<%s *>(alloca(%s * sizeof *_t));" % (elem_type, elem_type, array.length)
+        print "        for (size_t _i = 0, _s = %s; _i < _s; ++_i) {" % array.length
+        print "            _t[_i] = %s[_i];" % instance 
+        self.allocated = True
+        self.visit(array.type, "_t[_i]")
+        print "        }"
+        print "        %s = _t;" % instance
+        print "    }"
+
+    def visitInterfacePointer(self, interface, instance):
+        print r'    if (%s) {' % instance
+        print r'        const %s *pWrapper = static_cast<const %s*>(%s);' % (getWrapperInterfaceName(interface), getWrapperInterfaceName(interface), instance)
+        print r'        if (pWrapper && pWrapper->m_dwMagic == 0xd8365d6c) {'
+        print r'            %s = pWrapper->m_pInstance;' % (instance,)
+        print r'        } else {'
+        print r'            os::log("apitrace: warning: %%s: unexpected %%s pointer\n", __FUNCTION__, "%s");' % interface.name
+        print r'        }'
+        print r'    }'
+
+
+class Tracer:
+    '''Base class to orchestrate the code generation of API tracing.'''
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.api = None
+
+    def serializerFactory(self):
+        '''Create a serializer.
+        
+        Can be overriden by derived classes to inject their own serialzer.
+        '''
+
+        return ValueSerializer()
+
+    def traceApi(self, api):
+        self.api = api
+
+        self.header(api)
+
+        # Includes
+        for header in api.headers:
+            print header
+        print
+
+        # Generate the serializer functions
+        types = api.getAllTypes()
+        visitor = ComplexValueSerializer(self.serializerFactory())
+        map(visitor.visit, types)
+        print
+
+        # Interfaces wrapers
+        self.traceInterfaces(api)
+
+        # Function wrappers
+        self.interface = None
+        self.base = None
+        map(self.traceFunctionDecl, api.functions)
+        map(self.traceFunctionImpl, api.functions)
+        print
+
+        self.footer(api)
+
+    def header(self, api):
+        print '#ifdef _WIN32'
+        print '#  include <malloc.h> // alloca'
+        print '#  ifndef alloca'
+        print '#    define alloca _alloca'
+        print '#  endif'
+        print '#else'
+        print '#  include <alloca.h> // alloca'
+        print '#endif'
+        print
+        print '#include "trace.hpp"'
+        print
+
+    def footer(self, api):
+        pass
+
+    def traceFunctionDecl(self, function):
+        # Per-function declarations
+
+        if not function.internal:
+            if function.args:
+                print 'static const char * _%s_args[%u] = {%s};' % (function.name, len(function.args), ', '.join(['"%s"' % arg.name for arg in function.args]))
+            else:
+                print 'static const char ** _%s_args = NULL;' % (function.name,)
+            print 'static const trace::FunctionSig _%s_sig = {%u, "%s", %u, _%s_args};' % (function.name, function.id, function.name, len(function.args), function.name)
+            print
+
+    def isFunctionPublic(self, function):
+        return True
+
+    def traceFunctionImpl(self, function):
+        if self.isFunctionPublic(function):
+            print 'extern "C" PUBLIC'
+        else:
+            print 'extern "C" PRIVATE'
+        print function.prototype() + ' {'
+        if function.type is not stdapi.Void:
+            print '    %s _result;' % function.type
+
+        # No-op if tracing is disabled
+        print '    if (!trace::isTracingEnabled()) {'
+        Tracer.invokeFunction(self, function)
+        if function.type is not stdapi.Void:
+            print '        return _result;'
+        else:
+            print '        return;'
+        print '    }'
+
+        self.traceFunctionImplBody(function)
+        if function.type is not stdapi.Void:
+            print '    return _result;'
+        print '}'
+        print
+
+    def traceFunctionImplBody(self, function):
+        if not function.internal:
+            print '    unsigned _call = trace::localWriter.beginEnter(&_%s_sig);' % (function.name,)
+            for arg in function.args:
+                if not arg.output:
+                    self.unwrapArg(function, arg)
+                    self.serializeArg(function, arg)
+            print '    trace::localWriter.endEnter();'
+        self.invokeFunction(function)
+        if not function.internal:
+            print '    trace::localWriter.beginLeave(_call);'
+            for arg in function.args:
+                if arg.output:
+                    self.serializeArg(function, arg)
+                    self.wrapArg(function, arg)
+            if function.type is not stdapi.Void:
+                self.serializeRet(function, "_result")
+            print '    trace::localWriter.endLeave();'
+            if function.type is not stdapi.Void:
+                self.wrapRet(function, "_result")
+
+    def invokeFunction(self, function, prefix='_', suffix=''):
+        if function.type is stdapi.Void:
+            result = ''
+        else:
+            result = '_result = '
+        dispatch = prefix + function.name + suffix
+        print '    %s%s(%s);' % (result, dispatch, ', '.join([str(arg.name) for arg in function.args]))
+
+    def serializeArg(self, function, arg):
+        print '    trace::localWriter.beginArg(%u);' % (arg.index,)
+        self.serializeArgValue(function, arg)
+        print '    trace::localWriter.endArg();'
+
+    def serializeArgValue(self, function, arg):
+        self.serializeValue(arg.type, arg.name)
+
+    def wrapArg(self, function, arg):
+        assert not isinstance(arg.type, stdapi.ObjPointer)
+
+        from specs.winapi import REFIID
+        riid = None
+        for other_arg in function.args:
+            if not other_arg.output and other_arg.type is REFIID:
+                riid = other_arg
+        if riid is not None \
+           and isinstance(arg.type, stdapi.Pointer) \
+           and isinstance(arg.type.type, stdapi.ObjPointer):
+            self.wrapIid(function, riid, arg)
+            return
+
+        self.wrapValue(arg.type, arg.name)
+
+    def unwrapArg(self, function, arg):
+        self.unwrapValue(arg.type, arg.name)
+
+    def serializeRet(self, function, instance):
+        print '    trace::localWriter.beginReturn();'
+        self.serializeValue(function.type, instance)
+        print '    trace::localWriter.endReturn();'
+
+    def serializeValue(self, type, instance):
+        serializer = self.serializerFactory()
+        serializer.visit(type, instance)
+
+    def wrapRet(self, function, instance):
+        self.wrapValue(function.type, instance)
+
+    def unwrapRet(self, function, instance):
+        self.unwrapValue(function.type, instance)
+
+    def needsWrapping(self, type):
+        visitor = WrapDecider()
+        visitor.visit(type)
+        return visitor.needsWrapping
+
+    def wrapValue(self, type, instance):
+        if self.needsWrapping(type):
+            visitor = ValueWrapper()
+            visitor.visit(type, instance)
+
+    def unwrapValue(self, type, instance):
+        if self.needsWrapping(type):
+            visitor = ValueUnwrapper()
+            visitor.visit(type, instance)
+
+    def traceInterfaces(self, api):
+        interfaces = api.getAllInterfaces()
+        if not interfaces:
+            return
+        map(self.declareWrapperInterface, interfaces)
+        self.implementIidWrapper(api)
+        map(self.implementWrapperInterface, interfaces)
+        print
+
+    def declareWrapperInterface(self, interface):
+        print "class %s : public %s " % (getWrapperInterfaceName(interface), interface.name)
+        print "{"
+        print "public:"
+        print "    %s(%s * pInstance);" % (getWrapperInterfaceName(interface), interface.name)
+        print "    virtual ~%s();" % getWrapperInterfaceName(interface)
+        print
+        for method in interface.iterMethods():
+            print "    " + method.prototype() + ";"
+        print
+        #print "private:"
+        for type, name, value in self.enumWrapperInterfaceVariables(interface):
+            print '    %s %s;' % (type, name)
+        print "};"
+        print
+
+    def enumWrapperInterfaceVariables(self, interface):
+        return [
+            ("DWORD", "m_dwMagic", "0xd8365d6c"),
+            ("%s *" % interface.name, "m_pInstance", "pInstance"),
+        ] 
+
+    def implementWrapperInterface(self, interface):
+        self.interface = interface
+
+        print '%s::%s(%s * pInstance) {' % (getWrapperInterfaceName(interface), getWrapperInterfaceName(interface), interface.name)
+        for type, name, value in self.enumWrapperInterfaceVariables(interface):
+            print '    %s = %s;' % (name, value)
+        print '}'
+        print
+        print '%s::~%s() {' % (getWrapperInterfaceName(interface), getWrapperInterfaceName(interface))
+        print '}'
+        print
+        
+        for base, method in interface.iterBaseMethods():
+            self.base = base
+            self.implementWrapperInterfaceMethod(interface, base, method)
+
+        print
+
+    def implementWrapperInterfaceMethod(self, interface, base, method):
+        print method.prototype(getWrapperInterfaceName(interface) + '::' + method.name) + ' {'
+        if method.type is not stdapi.Void:
+            print '    %s _result;' % method.type
+    
+        self.implementWrapperInterfaceMethodBody(interface, base, method)
+    
+        if method.type is not stdapi.Void:
+            print '    return _result;'
+        print '}'
+        print
+
+    def implementWrapperInterfaceMethodBody(self, interface, base, method):
+        assert not method.internal
+
+        print '    static const char * _args[%u] = {%s};' % (len(method.args) + 1, ', '.join(['"this"'] + ['"%s"' % arg.name for arg in method.args]))
+        print '    static const trace::FunctionSig _sig = {%u, "%s", %u, _args};' % (method.id, interface.name + '::' + method.name, len(method.args) + 1)
+
+        print '    %s *_this = static_cast<%s *>(m_pInstance);' % (base, base)
+
+        print '    unsigned _call = trace::localWriter.beginEnter(&_sig);'
+        print '    trace::localWriter.beginArg(0);'
+        print '    trace::localWriter.writePointer((uintptr_t)m_pInstance);'
+        print '    trace::localWriter.endArg();'
+        for arg in method.args:
+            if not arg.output:
+                self.unwrapArg(method, arg)
+                self.serializeArg(method, arg)
+        print '    trace::localWriter.endEnter();'
+        
+        self.invokeMethod(interface, base, method)
+
+        print '    trace::localWriter.beginLeave(_call);'
+        for arg in method.args:
+            if arg.output:
+                self.serializeArg(method, arg)
+                self.wrapArg(method, arg)
+
+        if method.type is not stdapi.Void:
+            self.serializeRet(method, '_result')
+        print '    trace::localWriter.endLeave();'
+        if method.type is not stdapi.Void:
+            self.wrapRet(method, '_result')
+
+        if method.name == 'Release':
+            assert method.type is not stdapi.Void
+            print '    if (!_result)'
+            print '        delete this;'
+
+    def implementIidWrapper(self, api):
+        print r'static void'
+        print r'warnIID(const char *functionName, REFIID riid, const char *reason) {'
+        print r'    os::log("apitrace: warning: %s: %s IID {0x%08lX,0x%04X,0x%04X,{0x%02X,0x%02X,0x%02X,0x%02X,0x%02X,0x%02X,0x%02X,0x%02X}}\n",'
+        print r'            functionName, reason,'
+        print r'            riid.Data1, riid.Data2, riid.Data3,'
+        print r'            riid.Data4[0], riid.Data4[1], riid.Data4[2], riid.Data4[3], riid.Data4[4], riid.Data4[5], riid.Data4[6], riid.Data4[7]);'
+        print r'}'
+        print 
+        print r'static void'
+        print r'wrapIID(const char *functionName, REFIID riid, void * * ppvObj) {'
+        print r'    if (!ppvObj || !*ppvObj) {'
+        print r'        return;'
+        print r'    }'
+        else_ = ''
+        for iface in api.getAllInterfaces():
+            print r'    %sif (riid == IID_%s) {' % (else_, iface.name)
+            print r'        *ppvObj = new Wrap%s((%s *) *ppvObj);' % (iface.name, iface.name)
+            print r'    }'
+            else_ = 'else '
+        print r'    %s{' % else_
+        print r'        warnIID(functionName, riid, "unknown");'
+        print r'    }'
+        print r'}'
+        print
+
+    def wrapIid(self, function, riid, out):
+        # Cast output arg to `void **` if necessary
+        out_name = out.name
+        obj_type = out.type.type.type
+        if not obj_type is stdapi.Void:
+            assert isinstance(obj_type, stdapi.Interface)
+            out_name = 'reinterpret_cast<void * *>(%s)' % out_name
+
+        print r'    if (%s && *%s) {' % (out.name, out.name)
+        functionName = function.name
+        else_ = ''
+        if self.interface is not None:
+            functionName = self.interface.name + '::' + functionName
+            print r'        if (*%s == m_pInstance &&' % (out_name,)
+            print r'            (%s)) {' % ' || '.join('%s == IID_%s' % (riid.name, iface.name) for iface in self.interface.iterBases())
+            print r'            *%s = this;' % (out_name,)
+            print r'        }'
+            else_ = 'else '
+        print r'        %s{' % else_
+        print r'             wrapIID("%s", %s, %s);' % (functionName, riid.name, out_name)
+        print r'        }'
+        print r'    }'
+
+    def invokeMethod(self, interface, base, method):
+        if method.type is stdapi.Void:
+            result = ''
+        else:
+            result = '_result = '
+        print '    %s_this->%s(%s);' % (result, method.name, ', '.join([str(arg.name) for arg in method.args]))
+    
+    def emit_memcpy(self, dest, src, length):
+        print '        unsigned _call = trace::localWriter.beginEnter(&trace::memcpy_sig);'
+        print '        trace::localWriter.beginArg(0);'
+        print '        trace::localWriter.writePointer((uintptr_t)%s);' % dest
+        print '        trace::localWriter.endArg();'
+        print '        trace::localWriter.beginArg(1);'
+        print '        trace::localWriter.writeBlob(%s, %s);' % (src, length)
+        print '        trace::localWriter.endArg();'
+        print '        trace::localWriter.beginArg(2);'
+        print '        trace::localWriter.writeUInt(%s);' % length
+        print '        trace::localWriter.endArg();'
+        print '        trace::localWriter.endEnter();'
+        print '        trace::localWriter.beginLeave(_call);'
+        print '        trace::localWriter.endLeave();'
+    
+    def fake_call(self, function, args):
+        print '            unsigned _fake_call = trace::localWriter.beginEnter(&_%s_sig);' % (function.name,)
+        for arg, instance in zip(function.args, args):
+            assert not arg.output
+            print '            trace::localWriter.beginArg(%u);' % (arg.index,)
+            self.serializeValue(arg.type, instance)
+            print '            trace::localWriter.endArg();'
+        print '            trace::localWriter.endEnter();'
+        print '            trace::localWriter.beginLeave(_fake_call);'
+        print '            trace::localWriter.endLeave();'
+