X-Git-Url: https://git.cworth.org/git?a=blobdiff_plain;f=manpages%2Fnotmuch-search-terms-7.mdwn;h=40b082d54323d183619990e6a7f089553fb291c7;hb=90037cff8296a89bedcc4c2fb93001d245b7ff92;hp=f7d047c0cb1bd3b2c437b0860c4c3c3b5288a24b;hpb=2134d331154dfbe8d01b8db310f8d5ad7616f38d;p=notmuch-wiki diff --git a/manpages/notmuch-search-terms-7.mdwn b/manpages/notmuch-search-terms-7.mdwn index f7d047c..40b082d 100644 --- a/manpages/notmuch-search-terms-7.mdwn +++ b/manpages/notmuch-search-terms-7.mdwn @@ -7,63 +7,79 @@
- notmuch count [options...] <search-term>... + notmuch count [option ...] <search-term> ... - notmuch dump [ <filename> ] [--] [ <search-term>...] + notmuch dump [--format=(batch-tag|sup)] [--] [--output=<file>] [--] + [<search-term> ...] - notmuch search [options...] <search-term>... + notmuch search [option ...] <search-term> ... - notmuch show [options...] <search-term>... + notmuch show [option ...] <search-term> ... - notmuch tag +<tag>|-<tag> [...] [--] <search-term>... + notmuch tag +<tag> ... -<tag> [--] <search-term> ...
Several notmuch commands accept a common syntax for search terms. - The search terms can consist of free-form text (and quoted phrases) - which will match all messages that contain all of the given - terms/phrases in the body, the subject, or any of the sender or recipi- + The search terms can consist of free-form text (and quoted phrases) + which will match all messages that contain all of the given + terms/phrases in the body, the subject, or any of the sender or recipiâ ent headers. - As a special case, a search string consisting of exactly a single + As a special case, a search string consisting of exactly a single asterisk ("*") will match all messages. - In addition to free text, the following prefixes can be used to force + In addition to free text, the following prefixes can be used to force terms to match against specific portions of an email, (where <brackets> indicate user-supplied values): - from:<name-or-address> + · from:<name-or-address> - to:<name-or-address> + · to:<name-or-address> - subject:<word-or-quoted-phrase> + · subject:<word-or-quoted-phrase> - attachment:<word> + · attachment:<word> - tag:<tag> (or is:<tag>) + · mimetype:<word> - id:<message-id> + · tag:<tag> (or is:<tag>) - thread:<thread-id> + · id:<message-id> - folder:<directory-path> + · thread:<thread-id> - The from: prefix is used to match the name or address of the sender of + · folder:<maildir-folder> + + · path:<directory-path> or path:<directory-path>/** + + · date:<since>..<until> + + · lastmod:<initial-revision>..<final-revision> + + · query:<name> + + · property:<key>=<value> + + The from: prefix is used to match the name or address of the sender of an email message. The to: prefix is used to match the names or addresses of any recipient of an email message, (whether To, Cc, or Bcc). - Any term prefixed with subject: will match only text from the subject - of an email. Searching for a phrase in the subject is supported by + Any term prefixed with subject: will match only text from the subject + of an email. Searching for a phrase in the subject is supported by including quotation marks around the phrase, immediately following sub- ject:. The attachment: prefix can be used to search for specific filenames (or extensions) of attachments to email messages. + The mimetype: prefix will be used to match text from the content-types + of MIME parts within email messages (as specified by the sender). + For tag: and is: valid tag values include inbox and unread by default for new messages added by notmuch new as well as any other tag values added manually with notmuch tag. @@ -71,47 +87,314 @@ For id:, message ID values are the literal contents of the Message-ID: header of email messages, but without the '<', '>' delimiters. - The thread: prefix can be used with the thread ID values that are gen- + The thread: prefix can be used with the thread ID values that are genâ erated internally by notmuch (and do not appear in email messages). These thread ID values can be seen in the first column of output from notmuch search - The folder: prefix can be used to search for email message files that - are contained within particular directories within the mail store. Only - the directory components below the top-level mail database path are - available to be searched. - - In addition to individual terms, multiple terms can be combined with - Boolean operators ( and, or, not , etc.). Each term in the query will - be implicitly connected by a logical AND if no explicit operator is - provided, (except that terms with a common prefix will be implicitly - combined with OR until we get Xapian defect #402 fixed). + The path: prefix searches for email messages that are in particular + directories within the mail store. The directory must be specified relâ + ative to the top-level maildir (and without the leading slash). By + default, path: matches messages in the specified directory only. The + "/**" suffix can be used to match messages in the specified directory + and all its subdirectories recursively. path:"" matches messages in + the root of the mail store and, likewise, path:** matches all messages. + + The folder: prefix searches for email messages by maildir or MH folder. + For MH-style folders, this is equivalent to path:. For maildir, this + includes messages in the "new" and "cur" subdirectories. The exact synâ + tax for maildir folders depends on your mail configuration. For + maildir++, folder:"" matches the inbox folder (which is the root in + maildir++), other folder names always start with ".", and nested foldâ + ers are separated by "."s, such as folder:.classes.topology. For "file + system" maildir, the inbox is typically folder:INBOX and nested folders + are separated by slashes, such as folder:classes/topology. + + Both path: and folder: will find a message if any copy of that message + is in the specific directory/folder. + + The date: prefix can be used to restrict the results to only messages + within a particular time range (based on the Date: header) with a range + syntax of: + + date:<since>..<until> + + See DATE AND TIME SEARCH below for details on the range expression, and + supported syntax for <since> and <until> date and time expressions. + + The time range can also be specified using timestamps with a syntax of: + + <initial-timestamp>..<final-timestamp> + + Each timestamp is a number representing the number of seconds since + 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC. + + The lastmod: prefix can be used to restrict the result by the database + revision number of when messages were last modified (tags were + added/removed or filenames changed). This is usually used in conjuncâ + tion with the --uuid argument to notmuch search to find messages that + have changed since an earlier query. + + The query: prefix allows queries to refer to previously saved queries + added with notmuch-config(1). Named queries are only available if notâ + much is built with Xapian Field Processors (see below). + + The property: prefix searches for messages with a particular + <key>=<value> property pair. Properties are used internally by notmuch + (and extensions) to add metadata to messages. A given key can be + present on a given message with several different values. +- Parentheses can also be used to control the combination of the Boolean - operators, but will have to be protected from interpretation by the - shell, (such as by putting quotation marks around any parenthesized +
+ In addition to individual terms, multiple terms can be combined with + Boolean operators (and, or, not, and xor). Each term in the query will + be implicitly connected by a logical AND if no explicit operator is + provided (except that terms with a common prefix will be implicitly + combined with OR). The shorthand '-<term>' can be used for 'not + <term>' but unfortunately this does not work at the start of an expresâ + sion. Parentheses can also be used to control the combination of the + Boolean operators, but will have to be protected from interpretation by + the shell, (such as by putting quotation marks around any parenthesized expression). - Finally, results can be restricted to only messages within a particular - time range, (based on the Date: header) with a syntax of: + In addition to the standard boolean operators, Xapian provides several + operators specific to text searching. + + notmuch search term1 NEAR term2 + + will return results where term1 is within 10 words of term2. The + threshold can be set like this: + + notmuch search term1 NEAR/2 term2 - <initial-timestamp>..<final-timestamp> + The search - Each timestamp is a number representing the number of seconds since - 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC. This is not the most convenient means of - expressing date ranges, but until notmuch is fixed to accept a more - convenient form, one can use the date program to construct timestamps. - For example, with the bash shell the following syntax would specify a - date range to return messages from 2009-10-01 until the current time: + notmuch search term1 ADJ term2 - $(date +%s -d 2009-10-01)..$(date +%s) + will return results where term1 is within 10 words of term2, but in the + same order as in the query. The threshold can be set the same as with + NEAR: + + notmuch search term1 ADJ/7 term2 ++ +
+ Stemming in notmuch means that these searches + + notmuch search detailed + notmuch search details + notmuch search detail + + will all return identical results, because Xapian first "reduces" the + term to the common stem (here 'detail') and then performs the search. + + There are two ways to turn this off: a search for a capitalized word + will be performed unstemmed, so that one can search for "John" and not + get results for "Johnson"; phrase searches are also unstemmed (see + below for details). Stemming is currently only supported for English. + Searches for words in other languages will be performed unstemmed. ++ +
+ It is possible to use a trailing '*' as a wildcard. A search for + 'wildc*' will match 'wildcard', 'wildcat', etc. ++ +
+ Xapian (and hence notmuch) prefixes are either boolean, supporting + exact matches like "tag:inbox" or probabilistic, supporting a more + flexible term based searching. The prefixes currently supported by notâ + much are as follows. + + Boolean + tag:, id:, thread:, folder:, path:, property: + + Probabilistic + from:, to:, subject:, attachment:, mimetype: ++ +
+ In general Xapian distinguishes between lists of terms and phrases. + Phrases are indicated by double quotes (but beware you probably need to + protect those from your shell) and insist that those unstemmed words + occur in that order. One useful, but initially surprising feature is + that the following are equivalant ways to write the same phrase. + + · "a list of words" + + · a-list-of-words + + · a/list/of/words + + · a.list.of.words + + Both parenthesised lists of terms and quoted phrases are ok with probaâ + bilisitic prefixes such as to:, from:, and subject:. In particular + + subject:(pizza free) + + is equivalent to + + subject:pizza and subject:free + + Both of these will match a subject "Free Delicious Pizza" while + + subject:"pizza free" + + will not. ++ +
+ notmuch understands a variety of standard and natural ways of expressâ + ing dates and times, both in absolute terms ("2012-10-24") and in relaâ + tive terms ("yesterday"). Any number of relative terms can be combined + ("1 hour 25 minutes") and an absolute date/time can be combined with + relative terms to further adjust it. A non-exhaustive description of + the syntax supported for absolute and relative terms is given below. ++ +
+ date:<since>..<until> + + The above expression restricts the results to only messages from + <since> to <until>, based on the Date: header. + + <since> and <until> can describe imprecise times, such as "yesterday". + In this case, <since> is taken as the earliest time it could describe + (the beginning of yesterday) and <until> is taken as the latest time it + could describe (the end of yesterday). Similarly, date:january..februâ + ary matches from the beginning of January to the end of February. + + date:<expr>..! can be used as a shorthand for date:<expr>..<expr>. The + expansion takes place before interpretation, and thus, for example, + date:monday..! matches from the beginning of Monday until the end of + Monday. With Xapian Field Processor support (see below), non-range + date queries such as date:yesterday will work, but otherwise will give + unexpected results; if in doubt use date:yesterday..! + + Currently, we do not support spaces in range expressions. You can + replace the spaces with '_', or (in most cases) '-', or (in some cases) + leave the spaces out altogether. Examples in this man page use spaces + for clarity. + + Open-ended ranges are supported (since Xapian 1.2.1), i.e. it's possiâ + ble to specify date:..<until> or date:<since>.. to not limit the start + or end time, respectively. Pre-1.2.1 Xapian does not report an error on + open ended ranges, but it does not work as expected either. ++ +
+ [N|number] (years|months|weeks|days|hours|hrs|minutes|mins|secâ + onds|secs) [...] + + All refer to past, can be repeated and will be accumulated. + + Units can be abbreviated to any length, with the otherwise ambiguous + single m being m for minutes and M for months. + + Number can also be written out one, two, ..., ten, dozen, hundred. + Additionally, the unit may be preceded by "last" or "this" (e.g., "last + week" or "this month"). + + When combined with absolute date and time, the relative date and time + specification will be relative from the specified absolute date and + time. + + Examples: 5M2d, two weeks ++ +
+ · H[H]:MM[:SS] [(am|a.m.|pm|p.m.)] + + · H[H] (am|a.m.|pm|p.m.) + + · HHMMSS + + · now + + · noon + + · midnight + + · Examples: 17:05, 5pm ++ +
+ · YYYY-MM[-DD] + + · DD-MM[-[YY]YY] + + · MM-YYYY + + · M[M]/D[D][/[YY]YY] + + · M[M]/YYYY + + · D[D].M[M][.[YY]YY] + + · D[D][(st|nd|rd|th)] Mon[thname] [YYYY] + + · Mon[thname] D[D][(st|nd|rd|th)] [YYYY] + + · Wee[kday] + + Month names can be abbreviated at three or more characters. + + Weekday names can be abbreviated at three or more characters. + + Examples: 2012-07-31, 31-07-2012, 7/31/2012, August 3 ++ +
+ · (+|-)HH:MM + + · (+|-)HH[MM] + + Some time zone codes, e.g. UTC, EET. ++ +
+ Certain optional features of the notmuch query processor rely on the + presence of the Xapian field processor API. You can determine if your + notmuch was built against a sufficiently recent version of Xapian by + running + + % notmuch config get built_with.field_processor + + Currently the following features require field processor support: + + · non-range date queries, e.g. "date:today" + + · named queries e.g. "query:my_special_query"
- notmuch(1), notmuch-config(1), notmuch-count(1), notmuch-dump(1), not- - much-hooks(5), notmuch-new(1), notmuch-reply(1), notmuch-restore(1), - notmuch-search(1), notmuch-show(1), notmuch-tag(1) + notmuch(1), notmuch-config(1), notmuch-count(1), notmuch-dump(1), notâ + much-hooks(5), notmuch-insert(1), notmuch-new(1), notmuch-reply(1), + notmuch-restore(1), notmuch-search(1), notmuch-show(1), notmuch-tag(1) ++ +
+ Carl Worth and many others ++ +
+ 2009-2016, Carl Worth and many others-