build/docs: move docstring prereq to file targets

Under a sufficiently high level of parallelism [1] there seems to be a
a race condition that allows sphinx-build to start running before the
docstrings are extracted. This change moves the docstring stamp from
the phony targets sphinx-html and sphinx-info to the file targets that
they depend on. I'm not sure why this makes things better, but I am
fairly confident it does not make things worse, and experimentally it
seems to eliminate the race condition.

[1]: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=976934