1 /* scherzo - Music notation training
3 * Copyright © 2010 Carl Worth
5 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
8 * (at your option) any later version.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 * GNU General Public License for more details.
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ .
20 #include <gdk/gdkkeysyms.h>
22 #include <asoundlib.h>
27 #define ARRAY_SIZE(arr) ((int) (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0])))
29 #define unused(foo) foo __attribute__((unused))
31 #define MIDI_BUF_SIZE 4096
33 typedef struct challenge
45 typedef struct pitch_group
53 typedef struct scherzo
61 score_staff_t *treble;
65 /* The word "keyboard" here is referring to a "computer
66 * keyboard". Any "piano keyboard" key knows its own octave and
67 * accidental already. */
71 snd_midi_event_t *snd_midi_event;
74 challenge_t challenge;
76 pitch_group_t notes_pressed;
77 pitch_group_t notes_pedaled;
84 /* Forward declarations. */
86 scherzo_press_note (scherzo_t *scherzo, pitch_t pitch);
89 scherzo_release_note (scherzo_t *scherzo, pitch_t pitch);
92 scherzo_press_pedal (scherzo_t *scherzo);
95 scherzo_release_pedal (scherzo_t *scherzo);
98 pitch_group_remove_pitches (pitch_group_t *group);
101 scherzo_update_notes_and_chord (scherzo_t *scherzo);
104 on_delete_event_quit (unused (GtkWidget *widget),
105 unused (GdkEvent *event),
106 unused (gpointer user_data))
110 /* Returning FALSE allows the default handler for delete-event
111 * to proceed to cleanup the widget. */
116 on_expose_event_draw (GtkWidget *widget,
117 unused (GdkEventExpose *expose),
120 scherzo_t *scherzo = user_data;
121 score_t *score = scherzo->score;
123 GtkAllocation allocation;
124 static const int pad = 10;
127 gtk_widget_get_allocation (widget, &allocation);
128 widget_width = allocation.width;
130 cr = gdk_cairo_create (widget->window);
132 /* White background */
133 cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
136 /* Add some padding on the sides and top */
137 cairo_translate (cr, pad, scherzo->staff_height);
138 score_set_staff_height (score, scherzo->staff_height);
139 score_set_width (score, widget_width - 2 * pad);
141 score_draw (score, cr);
147 on_key_press_event (GtkWidget *widget,
151 scherzo_t *scherzo = user_data;
153 pitch_t pitch = PITCH_NOT_A_PITCH;
155 if (scherzo->challenge.active)
156 octave = PITCH_OCTAVE (scherzo->challenge.pitch);
158 octave = scherzo->keyboard_octave;
160 switch (key->keyval) {
164 case GDK_KEY_KP_Equal:
165 scherzo->staff_height += 4;
166 gtk_widget_queue_draw (widget);
170 case GDK_KEY_KP_Subtract:
171 scherzo->staff_height -= 4;
172 gtk_widget_queue_draw (widget);
178 /* Map a piano keyboard onto the computer keyboard with white keys
179 * along the home row, (piano C on computer A, up to next octave
180 * higher C on computer K). Black keys are in the expected
181 * positions, (C# is W, D# is E, etc.).
185 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (C, NATURAL, octave);
189 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (D, NATURAL, octave);
193 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (E, NATURAL, octave);
197 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (F, NATURAL, octave);
201 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (G, NATURAL, octave);
205 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (A, NATURAL, octave);
209 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (B, NATURAL, octave);
213 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (C, NATURAL, octave + 1);
217 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (D, NATURAL, octave + 1);
219 case GDK_KEY_semicolon:
221 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (E, NATURAL, octave + 1);
223 case GDK_KEY_apostrophe:
224 case GDK_KEY_quotedbl:
225 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (F, NATURAL, octave + 1);
229 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (C, SHARP, octave);
233 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (D, SHARP, octave);
237 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (F, SHARP, octave);
241 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (G, SHARP, octave);
245 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (A, SHARP, octave);
249 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (C, SHARP, octave + 1);
253 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (D, SHARP, octave + 1);
255 case GDK_KEY_bracketright:
256 case GDK_KEY_braceright:
257 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (F, SHARP, octave + 1);
268 scherzo->keyboard_octave = key->keyval - GDK_KEY_0;
271 scherzo_press_pedal (scherzo);
274 /* Clear all notes when Return is pressed. */
275 pitch_group_remove_pitches (&scherzo->notes_pressed);
276 pitch_group_remove_pitches (&scherzo->notes_pedaled);
277 scherzo_update_notes_and_chord (scherzo);
281 if (pitch != PITCH_NOT_A_PITCH)
283 pitch = scherzo_key_spell_pitch (&scherzo->key, pitch);
285 scherzo_press_note (scherzo, pitch);
290 /* Allow an unhandled event to propagate to other handlers. */
295 on_key_release_event (unused (GtkWidget *widget),
299 scherzo_t *scherzo = user_data;
301 pitch_t pitch = PITCH_NOT_A_PITCH;
303 if (scherzo->challenge.active)
304 octave = PITCH_OCTAVE (scherzo->challenge.pitch);
306 octave = scherzo->keyboard_octave;
308 switch (key->keyval) {
311 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (C, NATURAL, octave);
315 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (D, NATURAL, octave);
319 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (E, NATURAL, octave);
323 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (F, NATURAL, octave);
327 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (G, NATURAL, octave);
331 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (A, NATURAL, octave);
335 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (B, NATURAL, octave);
339 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (C, NATURAL, octave + 1);
343 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (D, NATURAL, octave + 1);
345 case GDK_KEY_semicolon:
347 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (E, NATURAL, octave + 1);
349 case GDK_KEY_apostrophe:
350 case GDK_KEY_quotedbl:
351 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (F, NATURAL, octave + 1);
355 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (C, SHARP, octave);
359 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (D, SHARP, octave);
363 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (F, SHARP, octave);
367 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (G, SHARP, octave);
371 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (A, SHARP, octave);
375 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (C, SHARP, octave + 1);
379 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (D, SHARP, octave + 1);
381 case GDK_KEY_bracketright:
382 case GDK_KEY_braceright:
383 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (F, SHARP, octave + 1);
386 scherzo_release_pedal (scherzo);
390 if (pitch != PITCH_NOT_A_PITCH)
392 pitch = scherzo_key_spell_pitch (&scherzo->key, pitch);
394 scherzo_release_note (scherzo, pitch);
400 /* Allow an unhandled event to propagate to other handlers. */
404 /* Return true if 'a' and 'b' sound identical, (even if spelled differently)
406 * This comparison considers octaves as significant. So Bb and A# in
407 * the same octave are considered enharmonic, but Bb and A# in
408 * different octaves are not. */
410 _pitches_are_enharmonic (pitch_t a, pitch_t b)
412 return pitch_to_midi (a) == pitch_to_midi (b);
415 /* Determine a chord name (if any) from the current notes pressed */
417 typedef struct analyzed_pitch {
418 /* Original note being analzyed. */
421 /* Absolute pitch (expressed as midi number). */
424 /* Pitch relative to bass note. */
429 _compare_analyzed_pitch_by_midi_pitch (const void *va, const void *vb)
431 const analyzed_pitch_t *a = va, *b = vb;
433 return a->midi_pitch - b->midi_pitch;
437 _compare_analyzed_pitch_by_relative_pitch (const void *va, const void *vb)
439 const analyzed_pitch_t *a = va, *b = vb;
441 return a->relative_pitch - b->relative_pitch;
444 typedef struct modified_degree
451 _modified_degree_to_half_steps (const modified_degree_t *degree)
454 int scale_degree = degree->degree;
456 /* Restrict to actual degrees within a scale. */
457 if (scale_degree > 7)
458 scale_degree = (scale_degree % 8) + 1;
460 /* Number of half steps from root to specified degree within a
462 switch (scale_degree) {
485 fprintf (stderr, "Internal: Invalid degree %d\n", degree->degree);
490 return half_steps + degree->modification;
494 _chord_signature_matches (analyzed_pitch_t *pitches,
496 modified_degree_t *degrees,
501 #define MAX_DEGREES 6
502 int relative_pitches[MAX_DEGREES];
505 assert (num_degrees <= MAX_DEGREES);
507 if (num_pitches != num_degrees)
510 if (inversion >= num_degrees)
513 /* We never spell simple intervals as inversions. */
514 if (num_degrees == 2 && inversion > 0)
517 for (i = 0; i < num_degrees; i++) {
518 /* The num_degrees is in the addition just to ensure all
519 * inputs to the modulus operator remain positive. */
520 int index = (i + num_degrees - inversion) % num_degrees;
522 /* Again, adding a 12 to keep things positive. */
523 relative_pitches[index] =
525 _modified_degree_to_half_steps (°rees[i]) -
526 _modified_degree_to_half_steps (°rees[inversion])) % 12;
530 for (i = 0; i < num_pitches; i++)
531 if (pitches[i].relative_pitch != relative_pitches[i])
534 root_index = (num_pitches - inversion) % num_pitches;
535 *root = pitches[root_index].pitch;
540 typedef struct chord_signature
543 modified_degree_t degrees[MAX_DEGREES];
547 /* XXX: The superscript rise value should be relative to the current
548 * font size. Best would be for pango to support this. See:
550 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=708780
552 * For now, these are emipirically-derived values that look reasonable
553 * at the default size that score.c is using to draw the staff. If the
554 * user scales the staff up or down then these will look wrong.
557 #define SUP "<span font='33' rise='30000'>"
558 #define PUS "</span>"
560 chord_signature_t signatures[] = {
562 { 1, {{1, 0}}, "P8" },
565 { 2, {{1, 0}, {2, -1}}, "m2" },
566 { 2, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}}, "M2" },
567 { 2, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}}, "m3" },
568 { 2, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}}, "M3" },
569 { 2, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}}, "P4" },
570 { 2, {{1, 0}, {5, -1}}, "Tri-tone" },
571 { 2, {{1, 0}, {5, 0}}, "P5" },
572 { 2, {{1, 0}, {6, -1}}, "m6" },
573 { 2, {{1, 0}, {6, 0}}, "M6" },
574 { 2, {{1, 0}, {7, -1}}, "m7" },
575 { 2, {{1, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M7" },
578 { 3, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, 0}}, "sus" },
579 { 3, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, +1}}, SUP "+" PUS },
580 { 3, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, 0}}, "" },
581 { 3, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, 0}}, "m" },
582 { 3, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, -1}}, "°" },
583 { 3, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {5, 0}}, "msus2" },
585 /* Seventh chords with no 3rd */
586 { 3, {{1, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, 0}}, SUP "+M7" PUS },
587 { 3, {{1, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, -1}}, SUP "+7" PUS },
588 { 3, {{1, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M7" },
589 { 3, {{1, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "7" },
590 { 3, {{1, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "7♭5" },
592 /* Seventh chords with no 5th */
593 { 3, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M7sus" },
594 { 3, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}, {7, -1}}, "7sus" },
595 { 3, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M7" },
596 { 3, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {7, -1}}, "7" },
597 { 3, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {7, 0}}, "m" SUP "M7" PUS },
598 { 3, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {7, -1}}, "m7" },
599 { 3, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {7, 0}}, "m" SUP "M7" PUS "sus2" },
600 { 3, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {7, -1}}, "m7sus2" },
603 { 4, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, 0}, {6, 0}}, "6sus" },
604 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, 0}, {6, 0}}, "6" }, /* Ambiguous with m7 */
605 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, 0}, {6, 0}}, "m6" },
606 { 4, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {5, 0}, {6, 0}}, "m6sus2" },
609 { 4, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, 0}}, SUP "+M7" PUS "sus" },
610 { 4, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, -1}}, SUP "+7" PUS "sus" },
611 { 4, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M7sus" },
612 { 4, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "7sus" },
613 { 4, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "7♭5sus" },
614 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, 0}}, SUP "+M7" PUS },
615 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, -1}}, SUP "+7" PUS },
616 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M7" },
617 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "7" },
618 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "7♭5" },
619 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "m" SUP "M7" PUS },
620 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "m7" },
621 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, -1}, {7, 0}}, "°" SUP "M7" PUS },
622 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "𝆩" SUP "7" PUS },
623 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, -1}, {7, -2}}, "°" SUP "7" PUS },
624 { 4, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "m" SUP "M7" PUS "sus2" },
625 { 4, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "m7sus2" },
626 { 4, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, 0}}, "°" SUP "M7" PUS "sus2" },
627 { 4, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "𝆩" SUP "7" PUS "sus2" },
628 { 4, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, -2}}, "°" SUP "7" PUS "sus2" }, /* Ambiguous with 7 */
630 /* The sorting for chords with degree higher than 9 is funny
631 * to keep the array in degree order after reducing each
632 * degree to an actual scale degree, (9 -> 2, 11 -> 4, 13 ->
635 /* Ninth chords voiced with no 5th */
636 { 4, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {4, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M9sus" },
637 { 4, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {4, 0}, {7, -1}}, "9sus" },
638 { 4, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M9" },
639 { 4, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {7, -1}}, "9" },
640 { 4, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {7, 0}}, "m" SUP "M9" PUS },
641 { 4, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {7, -1}}, "m9" },
642 { 4, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, -1}, {7, -1}}, "m♭9" },
643 { 4, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {6, 0}}, "m6/9" },
644 { 4, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, -1}, {6, 0}}, "m6/♭9" },
647 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, 0}, {6, 0}}, "6/9" },
648 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, 0}, {6, 0}}, "m6/9" },
649 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, -1}, {5, 0}, {6, 0}}, "m6/♭9" },
651 /* Seventh plus altered 9 */
652 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, +1}, {3, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "7♯9" },
653 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "7♭9" },
654 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, +1}, {3, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "7♭5♯9" },
655 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "7♭5♭9" },
658 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, 0}}, SUP "+M9" PUS "sus" },
659 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, -1}}, SUP "+9" PUS "sus" },
660 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M9sus" },
661 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "9sus" },
662 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, 0}}, SUP "+M9" PUS },
663 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, -1}}, SUP "+9" PUS },
664 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M9" },
665 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "9" },
666 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "m" SUP "M9" PUS },
667 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "m9" },
668 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, -1}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "m♭9" },
669 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, 0}}, "M9" SUP "♭5" PUS },
670 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "9" SUP "♭5" PUS },
671 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, -1}, {7, 0}}, "m" SUP "M9♭5" PUS },
672 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "𝆩" SUP "9" PUS },
673 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, -1}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "𝆩" SUP "♭9" PUS },
674 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, -1}, {7, -2}}, "°" SUP "9" PUS },
675 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, -1}, {5, -1}, {7, -2}}, "°" SUP "♭9" PUS },
677 /* Eleventh chords */
678 { 6, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {11, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, 0}}, SUP "+M11" PUS },
679 { 6, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {11, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, -1}}, SUP "+11" PUS },
680 { 6, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {11, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M11" },
681 { 6, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {11, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "11" },
682 { 6, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {11, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "m" SUP "M11" PUS },
683 { 6, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {11, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "m11" },
684 { 6, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, -1}, {11, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "𝆩" SUP "11" PUS },
685 { 6, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, -1}, {11, -1}, {5, -1}, {7, -2}}, "°" SUP "11" PUS }
689 _spell_chord_by_signature (pitch_group_t *chord,
690 chord_signature_t *signature,
693 int i, degree, note_half_steps, degree_half_steps;
695 for (i = 0; i < chord->num_pitches; i++) {
696 note_half_steps = pitch_from_root_in_half_steps (chord->pitches[i],
698 for (degree = 0; degree < signature->num_degrees; degree++) {
699 degree_half_steps = _modified_degree_to_half_steps (&signature->degrees[degree]);
700 if (note_half_steps == degree_half_steps) {
701 chord->pitches[i] = pitch_spell_as_degree (chord->pitches[i],
703 signature->degrees[degree].degree);
707 if (note_half_steps != degree_half_steps) {
708 fprintf (stderr, "Internal error: Chord and degree mis-match\n");
715 _analyze_chord (pitch_group_t *chord,
716 chord_signature_t **signature_ret,
719 void *local = talloc_new (NULL);
720 analyzed_pitch_t *pitches;
721 int i, j, num_pitches;
722 int bass_pitch, inversion;
724 chord_signature_t *match = NULL;
726 /* Default to no-match for any early return */
727 *signature_ret = NULL;
730 num_pitches = chord->num_pitches;
732 if (chord->num_pitches <= 1)
735 pitches = talloc_array (local, analyzed_pitch_t, num_pitches);
739 for (i = 0; i < num_pitches; i++) {
740 pitch_t pitch = chord->pitches[i];
741 pitches[i].pitch = pitch;
742 pitches[i].midi_pitch = pitch_to_midi (pitch);
743 /* Relative pitch will be filled in after sorting. */
744 pitches[i].relative_pitch = 0;
747 /* First, sort by midi pitch to find the bass note. */
748 qsort (pitches, num_pitches, sizeof (analyzed_pitch_t),
749 _compare_analyzed_pitch_by_midi_pitch);
751 bass_pitch = pitches[0].midi_pitch;
753 /* With the bass note identified, we can find all relative pitches. */
754 for (i = 0; i < num_pitches; i++) {
755 pitches[i].relative_pitch = pitches[i].midi_pitch - bass_pitch;
756 while (pitches[i].relative_pitch >= 12)
757 pitches[i].relative_pitch -= 12;
760 /* Now, sort again by relative pitch. */
761 qsort (pitches, num_pitches, sizeof (analyzed_pitch_t),
762 _compare_analyzed_pitch_by_relative_pitch);
764 /* Finally, eliminate all duplicate notes. */
765 for (i = 0; i < num_pitches - 1; i++) {
766 if (pitches[i+1].relative_pitch == pitches[i].relative_pitch) {
768 while (j < num_pitches &&
769 pitches[j].relative_pitch == pitches[i].relative_pitch)
773 /* The loop incremented j one past the last
774 * duplicate. Decrement so that it points to the
775 * last duplicate (and is guaranteed to not exceed
776 * the array bounds).*/
779 if (j < num_pitches - 1) {
780 memmove (&pitches[i+1], &pitches[j+1],
781 (num_pitches - j) * sizeof (analyzed_pitch_t));
784 num_pitches -= (j - i);
788 for (inversion = 0; inversion < 4; inversion++) {
789 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE (signatures); i++) {
790 if (_chord_signature_matches (pitches, num_pitches,
791 signatures[i].degrees,
792 signatures[i].num_degrees,
795 match = &signatures[i];
803 *signature_ret = match;
804 for (i = 0; i < chord->num_pitches; i++) {
805 if (chord->pitches[i] == root) {
806 *root_ret = &chord->pitches[i];
817 pitch_group_init (void *ctx, pitch_group_t *group)
820 group->pitches = NULL;
822 group->num_pitches = 0;
826 pitch_group_add_pitch (pitch_group_t *group, pitch_t pitch)
830 /* Do nothing if pitch is already in group. */
831 for (i = 0; i < group->num_pitches; i++)
832 if (group->pitches[i] == pitch)
835 group->num_pitches++;
837 if (group->num_pitches > group->size) {
839 group->pitches = talloc_realloc (group->ctx, group->pitches,
840 pitch_t, group->size);
842 if (group->pitches == NULL) {
843 fprintf (stderr, "Out of memory.\n");
848 group->pitches[group->num_pitches - 1] = pitch;
852 pitch_group_remove_pitch_at (pitch_group_t *group, int i)
854 if (i > group->num_pitches) {
855 fprintf (stderr, "Internal error: Cannot remove pitch %d from group with only %d %s\n",
856 i, group->num_pitches,
857 group->num_pitches == 1 ? "pitch" : "pitches");
861 if (i < group->num_pitches - 1) {
862 memmove (group->pitches + i, group->pitches + i + 1,
863 (group->num_pitches - 1 - i) * sizeof (pitch_t));
866 group->num_pitches--;
869 /* Remove a 'pitch' from 'group', (including any enharmonic pitch)
870 * See also: pitch_group_remove_pitch
873 pitch_group_remove_pitch_enharmonic (pitch_group_t *group, pitch_t pitch)
877 for (i = 0; i < group->num_pitches; i++)
878 if (_pitches_are_enharmonic (group->pitches[i], pitch))
879 pitch_group_remove_pitch_at (group, i);
882 /* Remove an exactly-matching pitch from 'group'
883 * See also: pitch_group_remove_pitch_enharmonic
886 pitch_group_remove_pitch (pitch_group_t *group, pitch_t pitch)
890 for (i = 0; i < group->num_pitches; i++)
891 if (group->pitches[i] == pitch)
892 pitch_group_remove_pitch_at (group, i);
896 /* Remove all pitches from a pitch_group_t */
898 pitch_group_remove_pitches (pitch_group_t *group)
900 talloc_free (group->pitches);
901 pitch_group_init (group->ctx, group);
905 scherzo_update_notes_and_chord (scherzo_t *scherzo)
907 void *local = talloc_new (NULL);
908 pitch_group_t *chord;
909 chord_signature_t *signature;
910 char *chord_name = NULL;
914 /* Remove all notes/chords from score, then add current notes. */
915 score_remove_notes (scherzo->score);
916 score_remove_chords (scherzo->score);
918 if (scherzo->pedal_pressed)
919 chord = &scherzo->notes_pedaled;
921 chord = &scherzo->notes_pressed;
923 _analyze_chord (chord, &signature, &root);
926 /* Don't print root pitch for octaves and inversions,
927 * (since a pitch name alone looks like a major triad) */
928 if (signature->num_degrees < 3) {
929 /* In fact, don't print anything for octaves and
930 * inversions for now. It leads to a bit of flashing when
933 * FIXME: What I'd like to have here is a small timeout,
934 * such that names only appear once an interval has been
935 * held for at least 100 ms or so. With that, it would be
936 * nice to display the interval names once again.
938 chord_name = talloc_strdup (local, signature->name);
941 _spell_chord_by_signature (&scherzo->notes_pressed,
943 _spell_chord_by_signature (&scherzo->notes_pedaled,
946 chord_name = talloc_asprintf (local, "%s%s",
947 pitch_string (*root),
950 } else if (chord->num_pitches > 2) {
951 chord_name = talloc_strdup (local, "?");
955 scherzo->chord = score_add_chord (scherzo->treble, chord_name);
957 for (i = 0; i < scherzo->notes_pressed.num_pitches; i++)
959 score_add_note (scherzo->score, scherzo->notes_pressed.pitches[i],
960 SCORE_DURATION_WHOLE);
963 for (i = 0; i < scherzo->notes_pedaled.num_pitches; i++)
965 score_add_note (scherzo->score, scherzo->notes_pedaled.pitches[i],
966 SCORE_DURATION_WHOLE);
969 gtk_widget_queue_draw (scherzo->window);
975 scherzo_press_note (scherzo_t *scherzo, pitch_t pitch)
979 /* Do nothing if this note is already pressed. */
980 for (i = 0; i < scherzo->notes_pressed.num_pitches; i++)
981 if (scherzo->notes_pressed.pitches[i] == pitch)
984 pitch_group_add_pitch (&scherzo->notes_pressed, pitch);
986 if (scherzo->pedal_pressed)
987 pitch_group_add_pitch (&scherzo->notes_pedaled, pitch);
989 scherzo_update_notes_and_chord (scherzo);
993 scherzo_release_note (scherzo_t *scherzo, pitch_t pitch)
995 pitch_group_remove_pitch_enharmonic (&scherzo->notes_pressed, pitch);
997 scherzo_update_notes_and_chord (scherzo);
1001 scherzo_press_note_midi (scherzo_t *scherzo, unsigned char midi_note)
1003 scherzo_press_note (scherzo, pitch_from_midi (midi_note));
1007 scherzo_release_note_midi (scherzo_t *scherzo, unsigned char midi_note)
1009 scherzo_release_note (scherzo, pitch_from_midi (midi_note));
1013 scherzo_press_pedal (scherzo_t *scherzo)
1017 if (scherzo->pedal_pressed)
1020 scherzo->pedal_pressed = 1;
1022 /* Copy all pressed notes to pedaled notes */
1023 for (i = 0; i < scherzo->notes_pressed.num_pitches; i++)
1024 pitch_group_add_pitch (&scherzo->notes_pedaled, scherzo->notes_pressed.pitches[i]);
1028 scherzo_release_pedal (scherzo_t *scherzo)
1032 if (! scherzo->pedal_pressed)
1035 /* Remove all previously pedaled notes. */
1036 for (i = scherzo->notes_pedaled.num_pitches - 1; i >=0; i--)
1037 pitch_group_remove_pitch_at (&scherzo->notes_pedaled, i);
1039 scherzo->pedal_pressed = 0;
1041 scherzo_update_notes_and_chord (scherzo);
1046 _select_challenge (scherzo_t *scherzo)
1048 category_t *category_unused;
1049 bool_t introduced_unused;
1051 challenge_t *challenge = &scherzo->challenge;
1052 pitch_name_t pitch_name;
1056 mnemon_select_item (&scherzo->mnemon,
1058 &challenge->item_index,
1060 &introduced_unused);
1062 item = challenge->bin->items[challenge->item_index];
1064 s = item->challenge;
1065 if (strncmp (s, "treble:", 7) == 0) {
1067 challenge->staff = scherzo->treble;
1068 } else if (strncmp (s, "bass:", 5) == 0) {
1070 challenge->staff = scherzo->bass;
1073 "Malformed staff name: %s (expected 'treble:' or 'bass:')\n",
1080 pitch_name = PITCH_NAME_C;
1083 pitch_name = PITCH_NAME_D;
1086 pitch_name = PITCH_NAME_E;
1089 pitch_name = PITCH_NAME_F;
1092 pitch_name = PITCH_NAME_G;
1095 pitch_name = PITCH_NAME_A;
1098 pitch_name = PITCH_NAME_B;
1101 fprintf (stderr, "Malformed pitch name: %s (expected 'A' - 'G')\n", s);
1106 if (*s < '0' || *s > '9') {
1107 fprintf (stderr, "Malformed octave number: %s (expected '0' - '9')\n", s);
1113 challenge->pitch = PITCH (pitch_name, PITCH_ACCIDENTAL_NATURAL, octave);
1115 challenge->active = 1;
1116 challenge->satisfied = 0;
1117 challenge->mistaken = 0;
1120 /* Determine whether the user hit the correct note. */
1122 _judge_pitch (scherzo_t *scherzo, pitch_t pitch)
1124 challenge_t *challenge = &scherzo->challenge;
1126 if (! challenge->active)
1129 if (pitch == challenge->pitch)
1130 challenge->satisfied = 1;
1132 challenge->mistaken = 1;
1135 /* If the user got the right note (eventually), then score it in
1136 * mnemon and show the next note. */
1138 _score_challenge (scherzo_t *scherzo)
1140 challenge_t *challenge = &scherzo->challenge;
1142 if (! challenge->active)
1145 if (! challenge->satisfied)
1148 mnemon_score_item (&scherzo->mnemon, challenge->bin, challenge->item_index,
1149 ! challenge->mistaken);
1151 _select_challenge (scherzo);
1156 on_midi_input (unused (GIOChannel *channel),
1157 unused (GIOCondition condition),
1160 unsigned char buf[MIDI_BUF_SIZE], *next;
1161 scherzo_t *scherzo = user_data;
1163 snd_seq_event_t event;
1165 remaining = read (scherzo->midi_fd, buf, MIDI_BUF_SIZE);
1171 consumed = snd_midi_event_encode (scherzo->snd_midi_event,
1172 next, remaining, &event);
1174 remaining -= consumed;
1177 switch (event.type) {
1178 case SND_SEQ_EVENT_NONE:
1179 /* Incomplete event. Nothing to do. */
1181 case SND_SEQ_EVENT_NOTEON:
1182 scherzo_press_note_midi (scherzo, event.data.note.note);
1184 case SND_SEQ_EVENT_NOTEOFF:
1185 scherzo_release_note_midi (scherzo, event.data.note.note);
1187 case SND_SEQ_EVENT_CLOCK:
1188 /* Ignore for now as my piano sends a constant stream of these. */
1190 case SND_SEQ_EVENT_SENSING:
1191 /* Ignore for now as my piano sends a constant stream of these. */
1193 case SND_SEQ_EVENT_CONTROLLER:
1194 /* XXX: My piano gives me 64 for the sustain pedal, is
1195 * that universal? */
1196 if (event.data.control.param == 64) {
1197 if (event.data.control.value == 0)
1198 scherzo_release_pedal (scherzo);
1200 scherzo_press_pedal (scherzo);
1202 fprintf (stderr, "Fixme: Unhandled MIDI Control event (param=%d, value=%d)\n",
1203 event.data.control.param, event.data.control.value);
1207 fprintf (stderr, "Fixme: Do not yet know how to handle MIDI event %d\n",
1213 /* Return TRUE to continue to get called in the future. */
1218 main (int argc, char *argv[])
1220 GtkWidget *drawing_area;
1224 srand (time (NULL));
1226 gtk_init (&argc, &argv);
1228 scherzo.ctx = talloc_new (NULL);
1230 scherzo.score = score_create (scherzo.ctx);
1231 scherzo.staff_height = 100;
1232 score_set_staff_height (scherzo.score, scherzo.staff_height);
1234 score_add_brace (scherzo.score, 2);
1235 scherzo.treble = score_add_staff (scherzo.score, SCORE_CLEF_G);
1236 scherzo.bass = score_add_staff (scherzo.score, SCORE_CLEF_F);
1238 scherzo.chord = NULL;
1240 /* Default to octave 4 for computer keyboard keypresses. */
1241 scherzo.keyboard_octave = 4;
1243 pitch_group_init (scherzo.ctx, &scherzo.notes_pressed);
1244 pitch_group_init (scherzo.ctx, &scherzo.notes_pedaled);
1246 scherzo.pedal_pressed = 0;
1248 /* Default to key of C Major, naturally. */
1249 scherzo_key_init (&scherzo.key, PITCH_CLASS_LITERAL (C, NATURAL));
1250 score_set_key (scherzo.score, scherzo.key.pitch);
1252 mnemon_init (&scherzo.mnemon);
1253 /* XXX: Should create a default file if one cannot be loaded. */
1254 mnemon_load_category (&scherzo.mnemon, "scherzo-notes");
1256 scherzo.challenge.active = 0;
1258 _select_challenge (&scherzo);
1261 err = snd_midi_event_new (MIDI_BUF_SIZE, &scherzo.snd_midi_event);
1263 fprintf (stderr, "Out of memory.\n");
1267 #define MIDI_DEVICE "/dev/midi1"
1268 scherzo.midi_fd = open (MIDI_DEVICE, O_RDONLY);
1269 if (scherzo.midi_fd < 0) {
1270 printf ("failed to open " MIDI_DEVICE ". Midi input will not be available.\n");
1272 GIOChannel *channel;
1274 channel = g_io_channel_unix_new (scherzo.midi_fd);
1275 g_io_channel_set_encoding (channel, NULL, NULL);
1276 g_io_add_watch (channel, G_IO_IN, on_midi_input, &scherzo);
1279 scherzo.window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
1281 gtk_window_set_default_size (GTK_WINDOW (scherzo.window), 1000, 600);
1283 g_signal_connect (scherzo.window, "delete-event",
1284 G_CALLBACK (on_delete_event_quit), NULL);
1286 drawing_area = gtk_drawing_area_new ();
1288 gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (scherzo.window), drawing_area);
1290 g_signal_connect (drawing_area, "expose-event",
1291 G_CALLBACK (on_expose_event_draw),
1294 g_signal_connect (scherzo.window, "key-press-event",
1295 G_CALLBACK (on_key_press_event),
1298 g_signal_connect (scherzo.window, "key-release-event",
1299 G_CALLBACK (on_key_release_event),
1302 gtk_widget_show_all (scherzo.window);
1306 mnemon_save (&scherzo.mnemon);
1308 snd_midi_event_free (scherzo.snd_midi_event);
1310 talloc_free (scherzo.ctx);