1 /* scherzo - Music notation training
3 * Copyright © 2010 Carl Worth
5 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
8 * (at your option) any later version.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 * GNU General Public License for more details.
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ .
20 #include <gdk/gdkkeysyms.h>
22 #include <asoundlib.h>
27 #define ARRAY_SIZE(arr) ((int) (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0])))
29 #define unused(foo) foo __attribute__((unused))
31 #define MIDI_BUF_SIZE 4096
33 typedef struct challenge
45 typedef struct pitch_group
53 typedef struct scherzo
61 score_staff_t *treble;
65 /* The word "keyboard" here is referring to a "computer
66 * keyboard". Any "piano keyboard" key knows its own octave and
67 * accidental already. */
69 snd_midi_event_t *snd_midi_event;
72 challenge_t challenge;
74 pitch_group_t notes_pressed;
75 pitch_group_t notes_pedaled;
82 /* Forward declarations. */
84 scherzo_press_note (scherzo_t *scherzo, pitch_t pitch);
87 scherzo_release_note (scherzo_t *scherzo, pitch_t pitch);
90 scherzo_press_pedal (scherzo_t *scherzo);
93 scherzo_release_pedal (scherzo_t *scherzo);
96 pitch_group_remove_pitches (pitch_group_t *group);
99 scherzo_update_notes_and_chord (scherzo_t *scherzo);
102 on_delete_event_quit (unused (GtkWidget *widget),
103 unused (GdkEvent *event),
104 unused (gpointer user_data))
108 /* Returning FALSE allows the default handler for delete-event
109 * to proceed to cleanup the widget. */
114 on_expose_event_draw (GtkWidget *widget,
115 unused (GdkEventExpose *expose),
118 scherzo_t *scherzo = user_data;
119 score_t *score = scherzo->score;
121 GtkAllocation allocation;
122 static const int pad = 10;
125 gtk_widget_get_allocation (widget, &allocation);
126 widget_width = allocation.width;
128 cr = gdk_cairo_create (widget->window);
130 /* White background */
131 cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
134 /* Add some padding on the sides and top */
135 cairo_translate (cr, pad, scherzo->staff_height);
136 score_set_staff_height (score, scherzo->staff_height);
137 score_set_width (score, widget_width - 2 * pad);
139 score_draw (score, cr);
145 on_key_press_event (GtkWidget *widget,
149 scherzo_t *scherzo = user_data;
151 pitch_t pitch = PITCH_NOT_A_PITCH;
153 if (scherzo->challenge.active)
154 octave = PITCH_OCTAVE (scherzo->challenge.pitch);
156 octave = scherzo->keyboard_octave;
158 switch (key->keyval) {
162 case GDK_KEY_KP_Equal:
163 scherzo->staff_height += 4;
164 gtk_widget_queue_draw (widget);
168 case GDK_KEY_KP_Subtract:
169 scherzo->staff_height -= 4;
170 gtk_widget_queue_draw (widget);
176 /* Map a piano keyboard onto the computer keyboard with white keys
177 * along the home row, (piano C on computer A, up to next octave
178 * higher C on computer K). Black keys are in the expected
179 * positions, (C# is W, D# is E, etc.).
183 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (C, NATURAL, octave);
187 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (D, NATURAL, octave);
191 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (E, NATURAL, octave);
195 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (F, NATURAL, octave);
199 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (G, NATURAL, octave);
203 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (A, NATURAL, octave);
207 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (B, NATURAL, octave);
211 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (C, NATURAL, octave + 1);
215 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (D, NATURAL, octave + 1);
217 case GDK_KEY_semicolon:
219 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (E, NATURAL, octave + 1);
221 case GDK_KEY_apostrophe:
222 case GDK_KEY_quotedbl:
223 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (F, NATURAL, octave + 1);
227 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (C, SHARP, octave);
231 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (D, SHARP, octave);
235 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (F, SHARP, octave);
239 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (G, SHARP, octave);
243 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (A, SHARP, octave);
247 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (C, SHARP, octave + 1);
251 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (D, SHARP, octave + 1);
253 case GDK_KEY_bracketright:
254 case GDK_KEY_braceright:
255 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (F, SHARP, octave + 1);
266 scherzo->keyboard_octave = key->keyval - GDK_KEY_0;
269 scherzo_press_pedal (scherzo);
272 /* Clear all notes when Return is pressed. */
273 pitch_group_remove_pitches (&scherzo->notes_pressed);
274 pitch_group_remove_pitches (&scherzo->notes_pedaled);
275 scherzo_update_notes_and_chord (scherzo);
279 if (pitch != PITCH_NOT_A_PITCH)
281 scherzo_press_note (scherzo, pitch);
286 /* Allow an unhandled event to propagate to other handlers. */
291 on_key_release_event (unused (GtkWidget *widget),
295 scherzo_t *scherzo = user_data;
297 pitch_t pitch = PITCH_NOT_A_PITCH;
299 if (scherzo->challenge.active)
300 octave = PITCH_OCTAVE (scherzo->challenge.pitch);
302 octave = scherzo->keyboard_octave;
304 switch (key->keyval) {
307 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (C, NATURAL, octave);
311 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (D, NATURAL, octave);
315 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (E, NATURAL, octave);
319 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (F, NATURAL, octave);
323 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (G, NATURAL, octave);
327 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (A, NATURAL, octave);
331 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (B, NATURAL, octave);
335 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (C, NATURAL, octave + 1);
339 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (D, NATURAL, octave + 1);
341 case GDK_KEY_semicolon:
343 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (E, NATURAL, octave + 1);
345 case GDK_KEY_apostrophe:
346 case GDK_KEY_quotedbl:
347 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (F, NATURAL, octave + 1);
351 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (C, SHARP, octave);
355 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (D, SHARP, octave);
359 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (F, SHARP, octave);
363 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (G, SHARP, octave);
367 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (A, SHARP, octave);
371 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (C, SHARP, octave + 1);
375 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (D, SHARP, octave + 1);
377 case GDK_KEY_bracketright:
378 case GDK_KEY_braceright:
379 pitch = PITCH_LITERAL (F, SHARP, octave + 1);
382 scherzo_release_pedal (scherzo);
386 if (pitch != PITCH_NOT_A_PITCH)
388 scherzo_release_note (scherzo, pitch);
394 /* Allow an unhandled event to propagate to other handlers. */
398 /* Determine a chord name (if any) from the current notes pressed */
400 typedef struct analyzed_pitch {
401 /* Original note being analzyed. */
404 /* Absolute pitch (expressed as midi number). */
407 /* Pitch relative to bass note. */
412 _compare_analyzed_pitch_by_midi_pitch (const void *va, const void *vb)
414 const analyzed_pitch_t *a = va, *b = vb;
416 return a->midi_pitch - b->midi_pitch;
420 _compare_analyzed_pitch_by_relative_pitch (const void *va, const void *vb)
422 const analyzed_pitch_t *a = va, *b = vb;
424 return a->relative_pitch - b->relative_pitch;
427 typedef struct modified_degree
434 _modified_degree_to_half_steps (const modified_degree_t *degree)
437 int scale_degree = degree->degree;
439 /* Restrict to actual degrees within a scale. */
440 if (scale_degree > 7)
441 scale_degree = (scale_degree % 8) + 1;
443 /* Number of half steps from root to specified degree within a
445 switch (scale_degree) {
468 fprintf (stderr, "Internal: Invalid degree %d\n", degree->degree);
473 return half_steps + degree->modification;
477 _chord_signature_matches (analyzed_pitch_t *pitches,
479 modified_degree_t *degrees,
484 #define MAX_DEGREES 6
485 int relative_pitches[MAX_DEGREES];
488 assert (num_degrees <= MAX_DEGREES);
490 if (num_pitches != num_degrees)
493 if (inversion >= num_degrees)
496 /* We never spell simple intervals as inversions. */
497 if (num_degrees == 2 && inversion > 0)
500 for (i = 0; i < num_degrees; i++) {
501 /* The num_degrees is in the addition just to ensure all
502 * inputs to the modulus operator remain positive. */
503 int index = (i + num_degrees - inversion) % num_degrees;
505 /* Again, adding a 12 to keep things positive. */
506 relative_pitches[index] =
508 _modified_degree_to_half_steps (°rees[i]) -
509 _modified_degree_to_half_steps (°rees[inversion])) % 12;
513 for (i = 0; i < num_pitches; i++)
514 if (pitches[i].relative_pitch != relative_pitches[i])
517 root_index = (num_pitches - inversion) % num_pitches;
518 *root = pitches[root_index].pitch;
523 typedef struct chord_signature
526 modified_degree_t degrees[MAX_DEGREES];
530 /* XXX: The superscript rise value should be relative to the current
531 * font size. Best would be for pango to support this. See:
533 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=708780
535 * For now, these are emipirically-derived values that look reasonable
536 * at the default size that score.c is using to draw the staff. If the
537 * user scales the staff up or down then these will look wrong.
540 #define SUP "<span font='33' rise='30000'>"
541 #define PUS "</span>"
543 chord_signature_t signatures[] = {
545 { 1, {{1, 0}}, "P8" },
548 { 2, {{1, 0}, {2, -1}}, "m2" },
549 { 2, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}}, "M2" },
550 { 2, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}}, "m3" },
551 { 2, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}}, "M3" },
552 { 2, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}}, "P4" },
553 { 2, {{1, 0}, {5, -1}}, "Tri-tone" },
554 { 2, {{1, 0}, {5, 0}}, "P5" },
555 { 2, {{1, 0}, {6, -1}}, "m6" },
556 { 2, {{1, 0}, {6, 0}}, "M6" },
557 { 2, {{1, 0}, {7, -1}}, "m7" },
558 { 2, {{1, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M7" },
561 { 3, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, 0}}, "sus" },
562 { 3, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, +1}}, SUP "+" PUS },
563 { 3, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, 0}}, "" },
564 { 3, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, 0}}, "m" },
565 { 3, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, -1}}, "°" },
566 { 3, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {5, 0}}, "msus2" },
568 /* Seventh chords with no 3rd */
569 { 3, {{1, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, 0}}, SUP "+M7" PUS },
570 { 3, {{1, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, -1}}, SUP "+7" PUS },
571 { 3, {{1, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M7" },
572 { 3, {{1, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "7" },
573 { 3, {{1, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "7♭5" },
575 /* Seventh chords with no 5th */
576 { 3, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M7sus" },
577 { 3, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}, {7, -1}}, "7sus" },
578 { 3, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M7" },
579 { 3, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {7, -1}}, "7" },
580 { 3, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {7, 0}}, "m" SUP "M7" PUS },
581 { 3, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {7, -1}}, "m7" },
582 { 3, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {7, 0}}, "m" SUP "M7" PUS "sus2" },
583 { 3, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {7, -1}}, "m7sus2" },
586 { 4, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, 0}, {6, 0}}, "6sus" },
587 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, 0}, {6, 0}}, "6" }, /* Ambiguous with m7 */
588 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, 0}, {6, 0}}, "m6" },
589 { 4, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {5, 0}, {6, 0}}, "m6sus2" },
592 { 4, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, 0}}, SUP "+M7" PUS "sus" },
593 { 4, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, -1}}, SUP "+7" PUS "sus" },
594 { 4, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M7sus" },
595 { 4, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "7sus" },
596 { 4, {{1, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "7♭5sus" },
597 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, 0}}, SUP "+M7" PUS },
598 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, -1}}, SUP "+7" PUS },
599 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M7" },
600 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "7" },
601 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "7♭5" },
602 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "m" SUP "M7" PUS },
603 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "m7" },
604 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, -1}, {7, 0}}, "°" SUP "M7" PUS },
605 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "𝆩" SUP "7" PUS },
606 { 4, {{1, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, -1}, {7, -2}}, "°" SUP "7" PUS },
607 { 4, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "m" SUP "M7" PUS "sus2" },
608 { 4, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "m7sus2" },
609 { 4, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, 0}}, "°" SUP "M7" PUS "sus2" },
610 { 4, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "𝆩" SUP "7" PUS "sus2" },
611 { 4, {{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, -2}}, "°" SUP "7" PUS "sus2" }, /* Ambiguous with 7 */
613 /* The sorting for chords with degree higher than 9 is funny
614 * to keep the array in degree order after reducing each
615 * degree to an actual scale degree, (9 -> 2, 11 -> 4, 13 ->
618 /* Ninth chords voiced with no 5th */
619 { 4, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {4, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M9sus" },
620 { 4, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {4, 0}, {7, -1}}, "9sus" },
621 { 4, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M9" },
622 { 4, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {7, -1}}, "9" },
623 { 4, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {7, 0}}, "m" SUP "M9" PUS },
624 { 4, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {7, -1}}, "m9" },
625 { 4, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, -1}, {7, -1}}, "m♭9" },
626 { 4, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {6, 0}}, "m6/9" },
627 { 4, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, -1}, {6, 0}}, "m6/♭9" },
630 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, 0}, {6, 0}}, "6/9" },
631 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, 0}, {6, 0}}, "m6/9" },
632 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, -1}, {5, 0}, {6, 0}}, "m6/♭9" },
634 /* Seventh plus altered 9 */
635 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, +1}, {3, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "7♯9" },
636 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "7♭9" },
637 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, +1}, {3, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "7♭5♯9" },
638 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "7♭5♭9" },
641 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, 0}}, SUP "+M9" PUS "sus" },
642 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, -1}}, SUP "+9" PUS "sus" },
643 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M9sus" },
644 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "9sus" },
645 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, 0}}, SUP "+M9" PUS },
646 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, -1}}, SUP "+9" PUS },
647 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M9" },
648 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "9" },
649 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "m" SUP "M9" PUS },
650 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "m9" },
651 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, -1}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "m♭9" },
652 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, 0}}, "M9" SUP "♭5" PUS },
653 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "9" SUP "♭5" PUS },
654 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, -1}, {7, 0}}, "m" SUP "M9♭5" PUS },
655 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "𝆩" SUP "9" PUS },
656 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, -1}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "𝆩" SUP "♭9" PUS },
657 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {5, -1}, {7, -2}}, "°" SUP "9" PUS },
658 { 5, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, -1}, {5, -1}, {7, -2}}, "°" SUP "♭9" PUS },
660 /* Eleventh chords */
661 { 6, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {11, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, 0}}, SUP "+M11" PUS },
662 { 6, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {11, 0}, {5, +1}, {7, -1}}, SUP "+11" PUS },
663 { 6, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {11, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "M11" },
664 { 6, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, 0}, {11, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "11" },
665 { 6, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {11, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, 0}}, "m" SUP "M11" PUS },
666 { 6, {{1, 0}, {9, 0}, {3, -1}, {11, 0}, {5, 0}, {7, -1}}, "m11" },
667 { 6, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, -1}, {11, 0}, {5, -1}, {7, -1}}, "𝆩" SUP "11" PUS },
668 { 6, {{1, 0}, {9, -1}, {3, -1}, {11, -1}, {5, -1}, {7, -2}}, "°" SUP "11" PUS }
672 _spell_chord_by_signature (pitch_group_t *chord,
673 chord_signature_t *signature,
676 int i, degree, note_half_steps, degree_half_steps;
678 for (i = 0; i < chord->num_pitches; i++) {
679 note_half_steps = pitch_from_root_in_half_steps (chord->pitches[i],
681 for (degree = 0; degree < signature->num_degrees; degree++) {
682 degree_half_steps = _modified_degree_to_half_steps (&signature->degrees[degree]);
683 if (note_half_steps == degree_half_steps) {
684 chord->pitches[i] = pitch_spell_as_degree (chord->pitches[i],
686 signature->degrees[degree].degree);
690 if (note_half_steps != degree_half_steps) {
691 fprintf (stderr, "Internal error: Chord and degree mis-match\n");
698 _analyze_chord (pitch_group_t *chord,
699 chord_signature_t **signature_ret,
702 void *local = talloc_new (NULL);
703 analyzed_pitch_t *pitches;
704 int i, j, num_pitches;
705 int bass_pitch, inversion;
707 chord_signature_t *match = NULL;
709 /* Default to no-match for any early return */
710 *signature_ret = NULL;
713 num_pitches = chord->num_pitches;
715 if (chord->num_pitches <= 1)
718 pitches = talloc_array (local, analyzed_pitch_t, num_pitches);
722 for (i = 0; i < num_pitches; i++) {
723 pitch_t pitch = chord->pitches[i];
724 pitches[i].pitch = pitch;
725 pitches[i].midi_pitch = pitch_to_midi (pitch);
726 /* Relative pitch will be filled in after sorting. */
727 pitches[i].relative_pitch = 0;
730 /* First, sort by midi pitch to find the bass note. */
731 qsort (pitches, num_pitches, sizeof (analyzed_pitch_t),
732 _compare_analyzed_pitch_by_midi_pitch);
734 bass_pitch = pitches[0].midi_pitch;
736 /* With the bass note identified, we can find all relative pitches. */
737 for (i = 0; i < num_pitches; i++) {
738 pitches[i].relative_pitch = pitches[i].midi_pitch - bass_pitch;
739 while (pitches[i].relative_pitch >= 12)
740 pitches[i].relative_pitch -= 12;
743 /* Now, sort again by relative pitch. */
744 qsort (pitches, num_pitches, sizeof (analyzed_pitch_t),
745 _compare_analyzed_pitch_by_relative_pitch);
747 /* Finally, eliminate all duplicate notes. */
748 for (i = 0; i < num_pitches - 1; i++) {
749 if (pitches[i+1].relative_pitch == pitches[i].relative_pitch) {
751 while (j < num_pitches &&
752 pitches[j].relative_pitch == pitches[i].relative_pitch)
756 /* The loop incremented j one past the last
757 * duplicate. Decrement so that it points to the
758 * last duplicate (and is guaranteed to not exceed
759 * the array bounds).*/
762 if (j < num_pitches - 1) {
763 memmove (&pitches[i+1], &pitches[j+1],
764 (num_pitches - j) * sizeof (analyzed_pitch_t));
767 num_pitches -= (j - i);
771 for (inversion = 0; inversion < 4; inversion++) {
772 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE (signatures); i++) {
773 if (_chord_signature_matches (pitches, num_pitches,
774 signatures[i].degrees,
775 signatures[i].num_degrees,
778 match = &signatures[i];
786 *signature_ret = match;
787 for (i = 0; i < chord->num_pitches; i++) {
788 if (chord->pitches[i] == root) {
789 *root_ret = &chord->pitches[i];
800 pitch_group_init (void *ctx, pitch_group_t *group)
803 group->pitches = NULL;
805 group->num_pitches = 0;
809 pitch_group_add_pitch (pitch_group_t *group, pitch_t pitch)
813 /* Do nothing if pitch is already in group. */
814 for (i = 0; i < group->num_pitches; i++)
815 if (group->pitches[i] == pitch)
818 group->num_pitches++;
820 if (group->num_pitches > group->size) {
822 group->pitches = talloc_realloc (group->ctx, group->pitches,
823 pitch_t, group->size);
825 if (group->pitches == NULL) {
826 fprintf (stderr, "Out of memory.\n");
831 group->pitches[group->num_pitches - 1] = pitch;
835 pitch_group_remove_pitch_at (pitch_group_t *group, int i)
837 if (i > group->num_pitches) {
838 fprintf (stderr, "Internal error: Cannot remove pitch %d from group with only %d %s\n",
839 i, group->num_pitches,
840 group->num_pitches == 1 ? "pitch" : "pitches");
844 if (i < group->num_pitches - 1) {
845 memmove (group->pitches + i, group->pitches + i + 1,
846 (group->num_pitches - 1 - i) * sizeof (pitch_t));
849 group->num_pitches--;
852 /* Remove a 'pitch' from 'group', (including any enharmonic pitch)
853 * See also: pitch_group_remove_pitch
856 pitch_group_remove_pitch_enharmonic (pitch_group_t *group, pitch_t pitch)
860 for (i = 0; i < group->num_pitches; i++)
861 if (pitch_enharmonic_to (group->pitches[i], pitch))
862 pitch_group_remove_pitch_at (group, i);
865 /* Remove an exactly-matching pitch from 'group'
866 * See also: pitch_group_remove_pitch_enharmonic
869 pitch_group_remove_pitch (pitch_group_t *group, pitch_t pitch)
873 for (i = 0; i < group->num_pitches; i++)
874 if (group->pitches[i] == pitch)
875 pitch_group_remove_pitch_at (group, i);
879 /* Remove all pitches from a pitch_group_t */
881 pitch_group_remove_pitches (pitch_group_t *group)
883 talloc_free (group->pitches);
884 pitch_group_init (group->ctx, group);
888 scherzo_update_notes_and_chord (scherzo_t *scherzo)
890 void *local = talloc_new (NULL);
891 pitch_group_t *chord;
892 chord_signature_t *signature;
893 char *chord_name = NULL;
897 /* Remove all notes/chords from score, then add current notes. */
898 score_remove_notes (scherzo->score);
899 score_remove_chords (scherzo->score);
901 if (scherzo->pedal_pressed)
902 chord = &scherzo->notes_pedaled;
904 chord = &scherzo->notes_pressed;
906 _analyze_chord (chord, &signature, &root);
909 /* Don't print root pitch for octaves and inversions,
910 * (since a pitch name alone looks like a major triad) */
911 if (signature->num_degrees < 3) {
912 /* In fact, don't print anything for octaves and
913 * inversions for now. It leads to a bit of flashing when
916 * FIXME: What I'd like to have here is a small timeout,
917 * such that names only appear once an interval has been
918 * held for at least 100 ms or so. With that, it would be
919 * nice to display the interval names once again.
921 chord_name = talloc_strdup (local, signature->name);
924 _spell_chord_by_signature (&scherzo->notes_pressed,
926 _spell_chord_by_signature (&scherzo->notes_pedaled,
929 chord_name = talloc_asprintf (local, "%s%s",
930 pitch_string (*root),
933 } else if (chord->num_pitches > 2) {
934 chord_name = talloc_strdup (local, "?");
938 scherzo->chord = score_add_chord (scherzo->treble, chord_name);
940 for (i = 0; i < scherzo->notes_pressed.num_pitches; i++)
942 score_add_note (scherzo->score, scherzo->notes_pressed.pitches[i],
943 SCORE_DURATION_WHOLE);
946 for (i = 0; i < scherzo->notes_pedaled.num_pitches; i++)
948 score_add_note (scherzo->score, scherzo->notes_pedaled.pitches[i],
949 SCORE_DURATION_WHOLE);
952 gtk_widget_queue_draw (scherzo->window);
958 scherzo_set_key (scherzo_t *scherzo, pitch_t pitch)
960 scherzo_key_init (&scherzo->key, pitch);
961 score_set_key (scherzo->score, pitch);
965 pitches_are_diatonic_scale (pitch_t *pitches, int num_pitches)
967 int diatonic_half_steps[7] = {
979 for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
980 half_steps = pitch_from_root_in_half_steps (pitches[i], root);
981 if (half_steps != diatonic_half_steps[i])
989 scherzo_press_note (scherzo_t *scherzo, pitch_t pitch)
993 pitch = scherzo_key_spell_pitch (&scherzo->key, pitch);
995 #define NUM_RECENT_PITCHES 7
996 static pitch_t recent_pitches[NUM_RECENT_PITCHES];
998 memmove (recent_pitches, recent_pitches + 1,
999 (NUM_RECENT_PITCHES - 1) * sizeof (pitch_t));
1000 recent_pitches[NUM_RECENT_PITCHES - 1] = pitch;
1002 if (pitches_are_diatonic_scale (recent_pitches, NUM_RECENT_PITCHES)) {
1003 scherzo_set_key (scherzo, recent_pitches[0]);
1005 /* Respell pitch according to new key. */
1006 pitch = scherzo_key_spell_pitch (&scherzo->key, pitch);
1009 /* Do nothing if this note is already pressed. */
1010 for (i = 0; i < scherzo->notes_pressed.num_pitches; i++)
1011 if (scherzo->notes_pressed.pitches[i] == pitch)
1014 pitch_group_add_pitch (&scherzo->notes_pressed, pitch);
1016 if (scherzo->pedal_pressed)
1017 pitch_group_add_pitch (&scherzo->notes_pedaled, pitch);
1019 scherzo_update_notes_and_chord (scherzo);
1023 scherzo_release_note (scherzo_t *scherzo, pitch_t pitch)
1025 pitch = scherzo_key_spell_pitch (&scherzo->key, pitch);
1027 pitch_group_remove_pitch_enharmonic (&scherzo->notes_pressed, pitch);
1029 scherzo_update_notes_and_chord (scherzo);
1033 scherzo_press_note_midi (scherzo_t *scherzo, unsigned char midi_note)
1035 scherzo_press_note (scherzo, pitch_from_midi (midi_note));
1039 scherzo_release_note_midi (scherzo_t *scherzo, unsigned char midi_note)
1041 scherzo_release_note (scherzo, pitch_from_midi (midi_note));
1045 scherzo_press_pedal (scherzo_t *scherzo)
1049 if (scherzo->pedal_pressed)
1052 scherzo->pedal_pressed = 1;
1054 /* Copy all pressed notes to pedaled notes */
1055 for (i = 0; i < scherzo->notes_pressed.num_pitches; i++)
1056 pitch_group_add_pitch (&scherzo->notes_pedaled, scherzo->notes_pressed.pitches[i]);
1060 scherzo_release_pedal (scherzo_t *scherzo)
1064 if (! scherzo->pedal_pressed)
1067 /* Remove all previously pedaled notes. */
1068 for (i = scherzo->notes_pedaled.num_pitches - 1; i >=0; i--)
1069 pitch_group_remove_pitch_at (&scherzo->notes_pedaled, i);
1071 scherzo->pedal_pressed = 0;
1073 scherzo_update_notes_and_chord (scherzo);
1078 _select_challenge (scherzo_t *scherzo)
1080 category_t *category_unused;
1081 bool_t introduced_unused;
1083 challenge_t *challenge = &scherzo->challenge;
1084 pitch_name_t pitch_name;
1088 mnemon_select_item (&scherzo->mnemon,
1090 &challenge->item_index,
1092 &introduced_unused);
1094 item = challenge->bin->items[challenge->item_index];
1096 s = item->challenge;
1097 if (strncmp (s, "treble:", 7) == 0) {
1099 challenge->staff = scherzo->treble;
1100 } else if (strncmp (s, "bass:", 5) == 0) {
1102 challenge->staff = scherzo->bass;
1105 "Malformed staff name: %s (expected 'treble:' or 'bass:')\n",
1112 pitch_name = PITCH_NAME_C;
1115 pitch_name = PITCH_NAME_D;
1118 pitch_name = PITCH_NAME_E;
1121 pitch_name = PITCH_NAME_F;
1124 pitch_name = PITCH_NAME_G;
1127 pitch_name = PITCH_NAME_A;
1130 pitch_name = PITCH_NAME_B;
1133 fprintf (stderr, "Malformed pitch name: %s (expected 'A' - 'G')\n", s);
1138 if (*s < '0' || *s > '9') {
1139 fprintf (stderr, "Malformed octave number: %s (expected '0' - '9')\n", s);
1145 challenge->pitch = PITCH (pitch_name, PITCH_ACCIDENTAL_NATURAL, octave);
1147 challenge->active = 1;
1148 challenge->satisfied = 0;
1149 challenge->mistaken = 0;
1152 /* Determine whether the user hit the correct note. */
1154 _judge_pitch (scherzo_t *scherzo, pitch_t pitch)
1156 challenge_t *challenge = &scherzo->challenge;
1158 if (! challenge->active)
1161 if (pitch == challenge->pitch)
1162 challenge->satisfied = 1;
1164 challenge->mistaken = 1;
1167 /* If the user got the right note (eventually), then score it in
1168 * mnemon and show the next note. */
1170 _score_challenge (scherzo_t *scherzo)
1172 challenge_t *challenge = &scherzo->challenge;
1174 if (! challenge->active)
1177 if (! challenge->satisfied)
1180 mnemon_score_item (&scherzo->mnemon, challenge->bin, challenge->item_index,
1181 ! challenge->mistaken);
1183 _select_challenge (scherzo);
1191 } scherzo_midi_closure_t;
1194 on_midi_input (unused (GIOChannel *channel),
1195 unused (GIOCondition condition),
1198 scherzo_midi_closure_t *closure = user_data;
1199 unsigned char buf[MIDI_BUF_SIZE], *next;
1200 scherzo_t *scherzo = closure->scherzo;
1201 int fd = closure->fd;
1203 snd_seq_event_t event;
1205 remaining = read (fd, buf, MIDI_BUF_SIZE);
1211 consumed = snd_midi_event_encode (scherzo->snd_midi_event,
1212 next, remaining, &event);
1214 remaining -= consumed;
1217 switch (event.type) {
1218 case SND_SEQ_EVENT_NONE:
1219 /* Incomplete event. Nothing to do. */
1221 case SND_SEQ_EVENT_NOTEON:
1222 scherzo_press_note_midi (scherzo, event.data.note.note);
1224 case SND_SEQ_EVENT_NOTEOFF:
1225 scherzo_release_note_midi (scherzo, event.data.note.note);
1227 case SND_SEQ_EVENT_CLOCK:
1228 /* Ignore for now as my piano sends a constant stream of these. */
1230 case SND_SEQ_EVENT_SENSING:
1231 /* Ignore for now as my piano sends a constant stream of these. */
1233 case SND_SEQ_EVENT_CONTROLLER:
1234 /* XXX: My piano gives me 64 for the sustain pedal, is
1235 * that universal? */
1236 if (event.data.control.param == 64) {
1237 if (event.data.control.value == 0)
1238 scherzo_release_pedal (scherzo);
1240 scherzo_press_pedal (scherzo);
1242 fprintf (stderr, "Fixme: Unhandled MIDI Control event (param=%d, value=%d)\n",
1243 event.data.control.param, event.data.control.value);
1247 fprintf (stderr, "Fixme: Do not yet know how to handle MIDI event %d\n",
1253 /* Return TRUE to continue to get called in the future. */
1258 listen_to_alsa_midi (void *data)
1260 scherzo_midi_closure_t *closure = data;
1261 int out_fd = closure->fd;
1262 snd_rawmidi_t *midi_in;
1263 unsigned char buf[MIDI_BUF_SIZE];
1267 err = snd_rawmidi_open (&midi_in, NULL, "virtual", 0);
1269 fprintf (stderr, "Failed to open virtual MIDI handle.");
1274 bytes = snd_rawmidi_read (midi_in, buf, MIDI_BUF_SIZE);
1275 write (out_fd, buf, bytes);
1282 main (int argc, char *argv[])
1284 GtkWidget *drawing_area;
1285 GIOChannel *channel;
1287 int alsa_midi_fd[2];
1288 scherzo_midi_closure_t midi_out, alsa_midi_in, alsa_midi_out;
1291 srand (time (NULL));
1293 gtk_init (&argc, &argv);
1295 scherzo.ctx = talloc_new (NULL);
1297 scherzo.score = score_create (scherzo.ctx);
1298 scherzo.staff_height = 100;
1299 score_set_staff_height (scherzo.score, scherzo.staff_height);
1301 score_add_brace (scherzo.score, 2);
1302 scherzo.treble = score_add_staff (scherzo.score, SCORE_CLEF_G);
1303 scherzo.bass = score_add_staff (scherzo.score, SCORE_CLEF_F);
1305 scherzo.chord = NULL;
1307 /* Default to octave 4 for computer keyboard keypresses. */
1308 scherzo.keyboard_octave = 4;
1310 pitch_group_init (scherzo.ctx, &scherzo.notes_pressed);
1311 pitch_group_init (scherzo.ctx, &scherzo.notes_pedaled);
1313 scherzo.pedal_pressed = 0;
1315 /* Default to key of C Major, naturally. */
1316 scherzo_set_key (&scherzo, PITCH_CLASS_LITERAL (C, NATURAL));
1318 mnemon_init (&scherzo.mnemon);
1319 /* XXX: Should create a default file if one cannot be loaded. */
1320 mnemon_load_category (&scherzo.mnemon, "scherzo-notes");
1322 scherzo.challenge.active = 0;
1324 _select_challenge (&scherzo);
1327 err = snd_midi_event_new (MIDI_BUF_SIZE, &scherzo.snd_midi_event);
1329 fprintf (stderr, "Out of memory.\n");
1333 #define MIDI_DEVICE "/dev/midi1"
1335 midi_out.scherzo = &scherzo;
1336 midi_out.fd = open (MIDI_DEVICE, O_RDONLY);
1337 if (midi_out.fd < 0) {
1338 printf ("Failed to open " MIDI_DEVICE ". You will need to connect a MIDI device.\n");
1340 channel = g_io_channel_unix_new (midi_out.fd);
1341 g_io_channel_set_encoding (channel, NULL, NULL);
1342 g_io_add_watch (channel, G_IO_IN, on_midi_input, &midi_out);
1345 pipe (alsa_midi_fd);
1347 alsa_midi_in.scherzo = &scherzo;
1348 alsa_midi_in.fd = alsa_midi_fd[1];
1349 g_thread_new ("scherzo-vmidi", listen_to_alsa_midi, &alsa_midi_in);
1351 alsa_midi_out.scherzo = &scherzo;
1352 alsa_midi_out.fd = alsa_midi_fd[0];
1353 channel = g_io_channel_unix_new (alsa_midi_out.fd);
1354 g_io_channel_set_encoding (channel, NULL, NULL);
1355 g_io_add_watch (channel, G_IO_IN, on_midi_input, &alsa_midi_out);
1357 scherzo.window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
1359 gtk_window_set_default_size (GTK_WINDOW (scherzo.window), 1000, 600);
1361 g_signal_connect (scherzo.window, "delete-event",
1362 G_CALLBACK (on_delete_event_quit), NULL);
1364 drawing_area = gtk_drawing_area_new ();
1366 gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (scherzo.window), drawing_area);
1368 g_signal_connect (drawing_area, "expose-event",
1369 G_CALLBACK (on_expose_event_draw),
1372 g_signal_connect (scherzo.window, "key-press-event",
1373 G_CALLBACK (on_key_press_event),
1376 g_signal_connect (scherzo.window, "key-release-event",
1377 G_CALLBACK (on_key_release_event),
1380 gtk_widget_show_all (scherzo.window);
1384 mnemon_save (&scherzo.mnemon);
1386 snd_midi_event_free (scherzo.snd_midi_event);
1388 talloc_free (scherzo.ctx);